Week 1 DM

Biological materials

Skin, Bone, Cartilage - Materials derived from tissues in the body.

Replacement materials

Metals, Ceramics, Polymers - Synthetic materials used to replace biological tissues.

Oral tissues as biological materials

Denamel, Dentin, Cementum, Pulp, Alveolar Bone, Periodontal Ligaments, Gingiva - Different tissues found in the oral cavity.

Restrictions on materials

Bite forces, Degradation (e.g., saliva), Temperature (e.g., 98.6), Esthetics (e.g., amalgam vs composite), Biocompatibility (e.g., allergies) - Factors that limit the use of dental materials.

American Dental Association (ADA)

Organization that develops standards and guidelines for evaluating dental products.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Government agency responsible for regulating medical devices, including dental products.

International Standards Organization (ISO)

Organization that attempts to unify standards for dental materials among countries.

Classification of dental materials by use

Restorative, Temporary, Cements, Impressions, casts, models, Polishing - Different categories based on the purpose of the materials.

Classification of dental materials by location of fabrications

Direct, Indirect - Different categories based on where the restoration is fabricated.

Classification of dental materials by longevity

Permanent restoration, Interim Restoration, Temporary Restoration - Different categories based on the expected lifespan of the restoration.

Properties of materials

Physical, Mechanical, Chemical - Different characteristics used to describe dental materials.

Mechanical properties

Strain, Stress, Types of stress (Compression, tension shear, torsion, bending), Elasticity - Different mechanical properties of dental materials.

Density 

The mass per volume of a material

Vapor pressure:

Measurement of a material's tendency to become a gas

Melting and Boiling Point:

The measure ranges in which a material will change state

Thermal conductivity:

A material's ability to take on energy (heat)

Electrical Conductivity:

The ability of a material to conduct electricity

Viscosity:

A material's ability to flow (Thickness of liquid)

Solubility:

the ability for a material to dissolve in a liquid (put sugar in a glass of water is dissolves)

Hardness:

A material's resistance to scratching

Water sorption:

Ability of a material to absorb and retain water molecules

M , Strain:

Deformation of the material

M, Stress:

Force applied to material per unit area

M, Types of stress:

Compression, tension shear, torsion, bending

Elasticity:

Ability of a material change and return to original shape

Direct -

restoration fabricated directly inside the oral cavity 

Indirect-

restoration fabricated outside of the oral cavity (Dentures)

Permanent restoration -

restoration fabricated directly in the oral cavity (1)

Interim Restoration - 

long term temporization

Temporary Restoration -

restoration fabricated outside of the oral cavity