Cell Division and Mitosis Science Study Guide

Why is cell division important

Growth (increases the number of cells); GRRReat

What does GRRReat! stand for

Growth, Reproduction, replace, repair

Cell Cycle

• series of events that take place from one cell division to the next

• Doesn’t take the same amount of time for all cells

• cycle is constantly repeated

Interphase

• Longest part of the cell cycle

• Growth and development

• Some cells copy their hereditary material and prepare for mitosis

Chromosomes

What are these called

Chromatids

What are these called

centromere

What is the green circle in the middle called

Mitois

• is the process in which the nucleus divides to form identical nuclei

• happens in a series of steps and phases

• prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

What are the six stages of Mitosis in order

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Interphase

chromosomes duplicate

chromosomes

Structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material

interphase

nucleus us ready to divide, each duplicated chromosome coils tightly into two thickened identical strands called chromatids

prophase

chromatids are visible

prophase

nucleolus and nuclear membrane disintegrate

prophase

centrioles move to opposite ends and threadlike spindle fibers begin to stretch across the cell

yes

do plant cells have spindle fibers

metaphase

pairs of chromatids line up across the center of the cell

metaphase

centromere of each pair usually becomes attached to two spindle fibers

anaphase

centromere divides and the spindle fibers shorten

anaphase

chromatids separate, and chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell

anaphase

separated chromatids are now called chromosomes

telophase

spindle fibers disappear

telophase

chromosomes start to uncoil

telophase

new nuclei (two) forms

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

cytokinesis

two new cells are formed

cytokinesis

new cell wall/cell membrane forms along the cell plate

animal cells

cell membrane pinches in the middle

plant cells

appearance of the cell plate tells you that the cytoplasm is being divided

asexual reproduction

• a new organism is produced from one parent organism

• has hereditary material identical to the hereditary material of the parent organism

Fission

an organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus copies its genetic material and then divides to form two identical organisms

bacteria

what is an example of fission

budding

a small, exact copy of the adult grows from the body of the parent

hydra and yeast

what are some examples of budding

regeneration or fragmentation

whole new organism grows from each piece of the parent

sponges, sea stars, some worms

what are some examples of regeneration/fragmentation

vegetative propagation

• runners - strawberries

• rhizomes - ferns

• tubulers (eye) - potatoes

• bulbs - flowers

strawberries

runners

ferns

rhizomes

potatoes

tubulers

flowers

bulbs