med term ch. 15

female reproductive system

fallopian tubes

uterine tubes connected to the fundus of the uterus

menses/menstruation

root: menstru (menses)
suffix: ation (process)
monthly uterine bleeding

ovum (ova: pl)

egg

corpus luteum

yellow structure formed at the site of a ruptured ovarian follicle

endometrium

prefix: endo (within)
cf/r: metr/i (uterus)
suffix: um (tissue)
inner lining of the uterus

fimbria

fringelike structure

fundus

the upper rounded top of the uterus above the openings of the fallopian tubes

involution

prefix: in (in)
root: volut (shrink)
suffix: ion (process)
a decrease in size

menarche

rot: men (month)
suffix: arche (beginning)
first menstrual period

myometrium

cf/r: my/o (muscle)
cf/r: metr/i (uterus)
muscle wall of the uterus

os

opening into a canal

pubarche

root: pub (pubis)
suffix: arche (beginning)
onset of development of pubic hair

thelarche

suffix: arche (beginning)
root: thel (breast, nipple)
onset of breast development

uterus

organ in which an egg develops into a fetus

amenorrhea

prefix: a (without)
cf/r: men/o (menses)
suffix: rrhea (flow)
absence or abnormal cessation of menstrual flow

dysmenorrhea

prefix: dys (bad)
cf/r: men/o (menses)
painful and difficult menstruation

menopause

cf/r: men/o (menses)
root: pause (cessation)
permanent ending of periods

polycystic

prefix: poly (many)
root: cyst (sac)
composed of many cysts

premenstrual

prefix: pre (before)
root: menstru (menses)
pertaining to the time immediately before the menses

anteversion

prefix: ante (forward)
root: vers (turn)
suffix: ion (action)
forward displacement of the uterus

cystocele

cf/r: cyst/o (bladder)
suffix: cele (hernia)
hernia of the bladder into the anterior wall of the vagina

endometriosis

prefix: endo (within)
cf/r: metr/i (uterus)
suffix: osis (condition)
endometrial tissue that functions outside the uterus

fibroid

root: fibr (fiber)
suffix: oid (resembling)
uterine tumor resembling fibrous tissue

fibromyoma

cf/r: fibr/o (fiber)
rot: my (muscle)
suffix: oma (tumor)
benign neoplasm derived form smooth muscles and containing fibrous tissue

leiomyoma

cf/r: lei/o (smooth)
root: my (muscle)
benign neoplasm derived from smooth muscle

menorrhagia

cf/r: men/o (menses)
suffix: rrhagia (flow)
excessive menstrual bleeding

metrorrhagia

cf/r: metr/o (uterus)
suffix: rrhagia (flow)
irregular uterine bleeding between menses

myoma

benign tumor of muscle

polymenorrhea

prefix: poly (many)
cf/r: men/o (menses)
suffix: rrhea (flow)
more than normal frequency of menses

rectocele

cf/r: rect/o (rectum)
suffix: cele (hernia)
hernia of the rectum into the vagina

retroversion

prefix: retro (backward)
root: vers (turn)
tipping backward of the uterus

salpingitis

root: salping (tube)
inflammation of the fallopian tube

dysfunctional

prefix: dys (painful)
root: function (perform)
difficulty in performing

dysplasia

prefix: dys (painful)
root: plas (development)
suffix: ia (condition)
abnormal tissue formation

coitus

sexual intercourse

contraception

prefix: contra (against)
root: cept (receive)
suffix: ion (action)
prevention of pregnancy

insemination

prefix: in (in)
root: semin (semen)
suffix: ation (process)
introduction of semen into the vagina

in vitro fertilization

prefix: in (in)
root: fertil (able to conceive)
suffix: ization (process of creating)
process of combining sperm and egg in a laboratory dish and placing resulting embryos inside uterus

progestin

prefix: pro (before)
root: gest (produce)
synthetic form of progesterone

colposcopy

cf/r: colp/o (vagin)
suffix: scopy (to view)
examination of vagina and cervix with endoscope

conization

root: coniz (cone)
suffix: ation (process)
surgical excision of a cone shaped piece of tissue

curette

root: curette (to cleanse)
instrument with sharpened edges for scraping

dilation

artificial enlargement of an opening or hollow structure

hysterosalpingogram

cf/r hyster/o (uterus)
cf/r: salping/o (uterine tube)
suffix: gram (a record)
radiograph of uterus and uterine tubes after injection of a contrast material

hysteroscopy

cf/r: hyster/o (uterus)
suffix: scopy (to view)
visual examination of the uterine cavity

palpate

root: palpat (touch)
suffix: ion (process)
to examine with fingers and hands

posdtcoital

prefix: post (after)
root: coit (sexual intercourse)
after sexual intercourse

pap test

examination of cells taken from the cervix

ultrasound

prefix: ultra (higher)
root: sound (noise)
very high frequency sound waves

agonist

agent that combines with receptors on cells to initiate drug actions

colpopexy

cf/r: colp/o (vagina)
suffix: pexy (surgical fixation)
surgical fixation of the vagina

colporrhaphy

cf/r: colp/o (vagina)
root: rrhaphy (suture)
suture of a rupture of the vagina

estrogen

cf/r: estr/o (women)
suffix: gen (create)
generic term for hormones that stimulate secondary sex characteristics

estriol

cf/r: estr/i (woman)
suffix: ol (chemical name)
one of the three main estrogens

hysterectomy

root: hyster (uterus)
suffix: ectomy (surgical excision)
surgical removal of the uterus

myomectomy

root: my (muscle)
suffix: om (tumor)
suffix: ectomy
surgical removal of a fibroid

oophorectomy

root: oophor (ovary)
surgical removal of the ovary

salpingectomy

root: salping (uterine tube)
surgical removal of uterine tubes

pessary

appliance inserted into the vagina to support the uterus

vestibulectomy

root: vestibul (entrance)
surgical excision of the vulva

blastocyst

cf/r: blast/o (germ or immature cell)
suffix: cyst (bladder, cyst)
first two weeks of developing embryo

embryo

developing organism from conception until the end of the second month

fertilize

root: fertiliz (make fruitful)
suffix: ation (process)
penetration of the oocyte by sperm

fetus

human organism from the end of the eighth week after conception to birth

implantation

attachment of a fertilized egg into the endometrium

placenta

organ that allows metabolic exchange between the mother and the fetus

zygote

cell resulting from the union of the sperm and egg

chorion

the fetal membrane that forms the placenta

amnion

cf/r: amni/o (fetal membrane)
membrane around the fetus that contains amniotic fluid

ectopic

root: ectop (on the outside, displaced)
out of place, not in a normal position

gestation

root: gestat (pregnancy)
from conception to birth

oligohydramnios

prefix: oligo (scanty, to little)
root: hydr (water)
root: amnios (amnion)
too little amnoitic fluid

polyhydramnios

prefix: poly (excessive)
root: hydr (water)
root: amnios (amnion)
to much amniotic fluid

preeclampsia

prefix: pre (before)
root: eclamps (shining forth)
suffix: ia (condition)
hypertension, edema, and proteinuria during pregnancy

preterm

baby delivered before 37 weeks of gestation

trimester

one third of the length of a full term pregnancy

vernix caseosa

cheesy substance covering the skin of fetus

autolysis

prefix: auto (self)
root: lysis (destruction)
destruction of cells by enzymes within the cells

dilation

root: dilat (open out)
stretching or enlarging of a opening

effacement

root: efface (wipe out)
suffix: ment (resulting state)
thinning of the cervix in relation to labor

episiotomy

cf/r: episi/o (vulva)
suffix: tomy (surgical incision)
surgical incision of the vulva

gravid/gravida

pregnant/pregnant woman

hyperemesis

root: emesis (vomit)
prefix: hyper (exessive)
excessive vomiting

labor

process of expulsion of the fetus

lochia

vaginal discharge following childbirth

multipara

prefix: multi (many)
root: para (to bring forth)
woman who has given birth to two or more children

neonate

cf/r: ne/o (new)
root: nate (born)
a newborn infant

primigravida

prefix: primi (first)
root: gravida (pregnancy)
a woman in her first pregnancy

primipara

prefix: primi (first)
root: para (to bring fourth)
woman giving birth for the first time

puerperium

six week period after birth in which the uterus involutes

abortion

spontaneous or induced expulsion of the embryo or fetus

breech

buttocks first presentation of the fetus at delivery

c-section

extraction of the fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall

kernicterus

bilirubin staining the basal nuclei of the brain

meconium

the first bowel movement of the newborn

nuchal cord

loops of umbilical cord around the fetal neck

placenta abruptio

condition in which the placenta is positioned between the fetus and the cervix

postmature

infant born after 42 weeks of gestation

premature

occurring before the expected time