Soc Psy Chapter 10: Relationships and Attraction

A natural experiment involve

observing what happens under naturally occurring conditions.

If the need to belong is universal, then this need should occur in

cultures around the world.

According to the textbook, the strongest support for the claim that we have a need to belong comes from the finding that

relationships are vital to our physical and mental well-being.

Recall that Mary Ainsworth classified the attachment patterns of infants according to how they responded to separations and reunions with their caregivers. Which of the following is NOT one of the styles she specified?

communal

Gina is about to have her first baby. To learn more about how to raise a securely attached child, she has just read an article about John Bowlby's research, which emphasizes that attachment

is shaped by how the child is treated during infancy.

People living in East Asian and Latin American societies are inclined to take a(n) ____________ stance in various social situations, whereas people living in European and Commonwealth coun-tries are inclined to take a(n) ____________ stance in these situations.

communal; ex-change

Catherine and Greg currently have an exchange relationship with one another. This means that their relationship is likely ____________ and is governed by ____________.

short term; principles of equity and reciprocity.

____________ claims that how people feel about a relationship depends on their assessments of its costs and rewards as well as the costs and rewards of other relationships available to them.

Social exchange theory

Because they are currently are in a(n) ________________ relationship, Bobby and Cindy feel a special responsibility for one another and expect that they will be together for a long time.

communal

According to social exchange theory, people

seek out rewards in their interactions with others, and they are willing to pay certain costs in order to obtain them.

The term ____________ refers to the idea that a building's layout can encourage contact between some people but discourage contact between other people.

functional distance

As discussed in the textbook, principles of ____________ explain why the mere exposure effect occurs.

classical conditioning

Scenario illustrates how ____________ influences interpersonal attraction.

propinquity

Which of the following occurrences is a reflection of the mere exposure effect?

Radio listeners like a song the station plays many times more than they like a song the station plays a few times.

As discussed in the textbook, social psychologists have used the bogus stranger paradigm to study the effects of ____________ on liking.

similarity

According to the textbook, ____________ is the rule and ____________ is the exception where the formation of relationships is concerned.

similarity; complementarity

Joseph is energetic and fun-loving and craves attention from other people. He also wants to find a girlfriend. According to this information and social psychological research, Joseph is most likely to be attracted to a woman who is

extraverted.

Barbara wants Jason—her new boss—to like her. To this end, Barbara should try all of the following EXCEPT

disagreeing with her boss so that he will see she can think for herself.

According to the textbook, we are attracted to people who are similar to us because they

validate our own beliefs.

According to the textbook, two physical features that signal health and reproductive fitness are

averageness and bilateral symmetry.

Physically attractive people generally feel ____________ than people who are comparatively less attractive.

All of the above are correct.

Which of the following statements about physical attractiveness is FALSE?

There is no tendency for people to treat unattractive children less fairly (relative to attractive children).

Jim was just convicted of drunken driving. The findings of a social psychological research study suggest that Jim may be given a lighter jail sentence if he

is physically attractive.

Vivica finds Dion physically attractive. Judging from his appearance, she assumes that he is also outgoing and honest. Vivica is displaying the ____________.

halo effect.

Leon finds himself attracted to women whose physical appearance suggests that they are very healthy. Evolutionary theorists would argue that, whether he realizes it or not, Leon is attending to the ____________ of the women he encounters.

reproductive fitness

Kevin is writing an ad for the singles section of his local newspaper. According to the evolutionary theory of attraction, which piece of information below should he mention to increase the odds that women will respond to his ad?

his high income

Evolutionary psychology predicts that women (relative to men) ought to be ____________ selective in their choice of mates because their levels of parental investment (relative to men's) are ____________.

more; high

Sternberg's triangular theory of love holds that there are three major components of love. One of them is commitment. The other two are

intimacy and passion.

Research using the interaction dynamics approach yielded four behaviors that are particularly toxic to relationships. Which of the following is NOT one of those four behaviors?

idealizing

According to the textbook, research on attributions and relationships points to a characteristic way of explaining one's partner's behaviors that predicts relationship dissatisfaction and dissolution. This tendency is

blame.

Recall that John Gottman and Robert Levenson studied romantic couples. Working from their observations, they identified the "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse." These "Horsemen" are types of

interpersonal behaviors that predict relationship problems.

Karen tends to idealize her husband, which means that she

overestimates his virtues and underestimates his faults.

Sternberg's triangular theory of love would predict that ____________ will be most prevalent in a long-term marriage.

intimacy and commitment

According to research by Levenson and Gottman, ____________ undermines relationships. It entails rejecting and looking down on someone else.

contempt

Carol Rusbult's investment model of interpersonal relationships holds that three things determine how committed people will be to their relationship. These things include

rewards, alternatives, and investment.

Peggy is a generally neurotic person. According to research discussed in the textbook, Peggy is particularly

likely to experience relationship problems.