American Yawp Chapter 3

British North America

Race and skin color

didn’t start out meaning much, but eventually became the basis for modern day racism, Africans didn’t view other African tribes as being the same ‘race’

Olauduh Equiano

enslaved writer, possibly from Nigeria, provided firsthand account of travel through the Middle Passage

Middle Passage

forced maritime journey of enslaved africans across Atlantic Ocean from 16th - 19th centuries

“seasoning” of slaves

adjustment period meant for ‘acculturation’, to break spirits, increase survivablitity, and make them profitable

decree of sanctuary

granted freedom to enslaved people fleeing the English colonies if they converted to Catholicism and swore an oath of loyalty to Spain

paternal dominion

man as head of the household over his wife, children, servants, and enslaved laborers

Marriage abroad

married individuals not owned by the same enslaver and did not live on the same plantation

Calvinist Christianity

radical Protestants (Puritans) wanted to create a beacon of Calvinism in the New World

Charles 1

caused friction between English Parliament and the king causing a civil war

Glorious Revolution, 1688

William II and Mary II (James II daughter) invited to be monarchy leading to the end of internal conflict in England

Maryland colony, 1632

meant for Catholics and Protestants to live together peacefully, tobacco colony

Roger Williams/Rhode Island, 1636

Providence, religious and political freedom, elected president and council, abolished witchcraft trials and slavery

William Penn

a Quaker who wanted an example of goldiness, colony of harmony, colony protested slavery

Pequot War, 1637

Puritans massacred Natives, driving them out of the area, set the fort on fire and killed them as they ran out, 400-700 killed

King Philip’s War, 1675

(1675-1676) Metacom, John Sassamon died, alleged killers tried and executed, Wampanoags killed 9 colonists, growing inequality led to war

Salem witchcraft hysteria

1692, paranoia, trauma of war, and political rivalries led to the executions of 14 women and 6 men

Bacon’s Rebellion

1676, tensions between Native Americans and English Settlers, as well as tensions between wealthy English landowners and poor settlers

Pueblo Revolt

1680, Friars aggressively enforced Catholicism, leading to Puebloan warriors to besiege Santa Fe killing 400 including priests

Yamasee War, 1715

Feuds between English agents had crippled the court of trade and shut down all diplomacy, provoking the violent Yamasee reprisal

Walking Purchase, 1737

Native Delaware leaders agreed to sell Pennsylvania all of the land that a man could walk in a day and a half, a common measurement used by Delawares in evaluating distances. The Penns hired a team of skilled runners to complete the “walk” on a prepared trail

Charles II

suppressed religious and press freedoms, created new colonies and Navigation Acts

James II

Openly Catholic and pro-French, led to overthrow of monarchy, consolidated New York and New Jersey into Dominion of New England