Scalars and vectors

What is a scalar

A quantity that only has magnitude(size)

What is a vector

A quantity that has magnitude(size) and direction

Scalar examples

• Distance

• Speed

• Mass

• Temperature

Examples of Vectors

• Displacement (m)

• Velocity

• Force

• Acceleration t

Average speed equations

measured in metres per second

=gradient of line

Rate of change equation

Measure in metres per second squared

Average velocity equations

Measured in metres per second

• Gradient of line of a linear displacement time graph

Acceleration equation

• Measured in metres per second

• Rate of change of speed in certain direction

What is negative acceleration?

Deceleration or retardation

Newton’s first law

An object will remain at rest or continue moving at a constant velocity(in a straight line) unless acted upon by a resultant force

Newton’s second law

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force, acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass

What is hookes law

Up to a point called the limit of proportionality the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force.

Hookles law formula

F = KE

Moment definition

Product of force/ N and perpendicular distance from line of action of force to pivot

Pressure equation

Pressure = Force ➗ area

• N/m² or Pa (Pascal)

Density equation

Mass ➗ Volume ‘

• kg/ m³

Work Done equation

Force/ N X Distance/m

Power equations

Work Done		Energy (J)
Time Taken		Time

Moment equation

Moment = Force x perpendicular distance

Principle of moments

when an object is in an equilibrium the sum of the clockwise moments is equal to the sum of the anti-clockwise moments about the same point

What is the center of gravity

The point through which the weight/ N appears to act

potenial energy equation

mgh (J)

• mass- kilograms

• h - metres

Kintetic energy

½ mv²

^{velocity- (m/s)}

what does the g stand for in mgh

acceleration due to gravity

What is a Uniform Object

These are objects where the center of mass acts in the middle

3 ways to increase stability of object

• Lower center of mass

• Increase surface area in contact with the ground

• Increase the distance between the points of contact with the ground