Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons Flashcards

Flashcards for Organic Chemistry Review

What two elements do hydrocarbons consist of?

Hydrogen and Carbon

Name the three main categories of hydrocarbons.

Aliphatics, Alicyclics, and Aromatics

What are the two subcategories of both aliphatics and alicyclics?

Saturated and Unsaturated

What are alkanes?

Saturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

What are alkenes and alkynes?

Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

CnH2n+2

What is the general formula for Alkenes?

CnH2n

What is the base name for a hydrocarbon chain with 5 carbon atoms?

Pent

What is the base name for a hydrocarbon chain with 7 carbon atoms?

Hept

In IUPAC nomenclature, what should be numbered lowest?

The functional Group

How are substituent groups ordered in IUPAC Nomenclature?

Alphabetical Order

What prefixes are used to name added halogens?

Iodo, Chloro, Bromo, Fluoro

Why do alkanes have low solubility in water?

Attractions between alkane and water molecules are weaker than attractions between water molecules.

What type of forces cause alkanes to have low boiling points?

Dispersion Forces

Why do alkenes have relatively low solubility in water?

The attractions between alkene and water are much weaker than water molecules or between alkene molecules

What is structural isomerism?

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

What are the two types of structural isomerism?

Chain and Position

What is chain structural isomerism?

Compounds with the same molecular formulas but differ in the length of the longest chain of C atoms.

What is position structural isomerism?

Compounds where the longest chain is the same, but the position of a substituent group is different.

In what compounds does Geometric Isomerism occur?

Alkenes (compounds containing a double bond)

What are the two isomers that arise from geometric isomerism?

Cis and Trans

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

CnH2n

What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Carbon Dioxide and Water

What is a substitution reaction?

One or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane are replaced by another element.

What type of hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions?

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

What happens to the double or triple bond in an addition reaction?

The double bond becomes a single bond, or the triple bond becomes a double bond.

What is the molecular formula of benzene?

C6H6

What is the shape of benzene?

A Regular Hexagon

What are compounds containing a benzene ring known as?

Aromatic Compounds

What is the definition of Empirical Formula?

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound