protein synthesis quiz

What is transcription in protein synthesis?

the process where mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template in the nucleus.

Which enzyme is involved in transcription?

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes mRNA during…

Where does transcription occur?

It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

What is used as a template in transcription?

The DNA strand is used to synthesize mRNA.

How is mRNA synthesized during transcription?

mRNA is synthesized by RNA polymerase, which adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA template strand.

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Translation is the process where mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to form a polypeptide (protein).

Where does translation take place?

occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosome.

What is the role of the ribosome in translation?

The ribosome reads the mRNA and helps assemble amino acids into a protein chain.

What role does tRNA play in translation?

tRNA brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, based on the mRNA codons.

What role does mRNA play in translation?

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome to be translated into a protein.

What is a codon?

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

What is an anticodon?

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon.

What happens during elongation in translation?

During elongation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to build a polypeptide chain.

What signals the termination of translation?

The stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) signals the end of translation, causing the ribosome to release the polypeptide chain.

What is the start codon in protein synthesis?

The start codon is AUG, which codes for methionine and signals the beginning of translation.

What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

The three types of RNA are:

mRNA (messenger RNA)

tRNA (transfer RNA)

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

mRNA carries the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome for translation.

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome, matching its anticodon with mRNA codons during translation.

What is the role of rRNA in protein synthesis?

rRNA is a component of the ribosome and helps catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

What is the genetic code?

The genetic code is a set of rules by which mRNA codons are translated into amino acids during protein synthesis.

What are post-translational modifications?

After translation, proteins may undergo changes such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, or cleavage, which are important for their function.