Scholarship Statistical Inference

Scholarship Statistics Study!

a population has ________; a sample has ________

parametres, statistics

a/an ________ sample can be taken from the population in order to make a/an ________ about population parameters

random, inference

a/an ________ sampling method must be used to create a/an ________ sample of suitable ________, where each unit of the population has a/an ________ chance of selection

unbiased, random, size, equal

the ________ of the sample is displayed with dot plots or box and whisker plots and the ________ should be noted

• sh________, and any sy________ or sk________

• o________, c________ and g________

distribution, features, shape, symmetry, skew, outliers, clusters, gaps

a well-chosen sample should have similar ________ to that of the population

characteristics

sample ________ include sample mean and sample standard deviation, which are used to make ________ ________ of population parametres

statistics, point estimates

μ represents ________ mean

population

x̄ represents ________ mean

sample

increased sample size leads to lower sampling ________

variability

the standard deviation is calculated by taking the ________ ________ of the ________ deviations of ________ from their ________

square root, squared, values, mean

a/an ________ ________ gives a range of values within which the population parameter is likely to lie due to ________ ________

confidence interval, sampling variability

________ ________ ________ states that a population with a mean μ, standard deviation σ, and a sample size n (where n > __), then all of the ________ means, x̄, should be ________ distributed with mean μ and standard deviation σ / √n (where 95% of values fall within __ standard deviations, and almost all values fall within __ standard deviations)

central limit theorem, 30, sample, normally, 2, 3

________ involved repeated ________ with ________ from the original random sample to calculate the ________ of interest

bootstrapping, resampling, replacement, statistic

extreme upper and lower tail values of 2.5% are removed from the ________ ________ to create the ________ ________ ________

bootstrap distribution, bootstrap confidence interval

it is a fairly safe bet that the population ________ lies within the bootstrap ________ interval

parametre, confidence

to compare values of a parametre over 2 populations, the bootstrap confidence interval is calculated using the differences between the means of many pairs of re-samples, and a difference cannot be proven if this interval contains __

0

a suitable statistical inference question would be: “what is the ________ between the _____ / ________ length in mm of the beak of North Island albatross and South Island albatross in NZ??

difference, mean, median

a/an ________ makes an appropriate formal statistical ________ to answer the question, justified from an analysis with generalised findings, areas of uncertainty and further areas of study

conclusion, inference