Carbohydrates - Retrieval Questions 5
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Why is it good that glucose is less reactive than other monosaccharides?
The breakdown of glucose must be catalysed.
This means that the breakdown of glucose is controlled by enzymes.
This is useful, especially in respiration as you don't want to respire too much or too little.
This means that the breakdown of glucose is controlled by enzymes.
This is useful, especially in respiration as you don't want to respire too much or too little.
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What bonds join polysaccharides?
Glycosidic bonds
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What are the properties of glucose?
Small
Soluble
Less reactive than other monosaccharides
Soluble
Less reactive than other monosaccharides
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What type of sugar is lactose?
Reducing
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How many carbons are in ribose?
Five / Pentose
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What is the function of fructose?
Fructose bonds with glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.
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Differences between Alpha glucose and Beta glucose.
In alpha glucose, the position of the -OH is is on the first carbon is opposite the side with the -CH2OH, whereas in the beta glucose, the position of the -OH is on the same side of the -CH2OH.
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What are macrofibrils?
A structure that is composed of many microfibrils.
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Why is it good that glucose is small?
Easily transported in and out of the cell through carrier proteins.
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What are disaccharides?
They are sugars that are composed of two monosaccharides that are joined together in a condensation reaction.
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What is sucrose compose of?
Glucose + Fructose
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Why is starch helical?
To make it compact and good for storage.
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Why are herbivores able to digest cellulose, but carnivores can't?
Because carnivores lack the cellulase enzyme which is required to break the 1-4 glycosidic bonds between beta glucose molecules.
Herbivores have symbiotic enzymes in their guts that produces the enzyme.
Herbivores have symbiotic enzymes in their guts that produces the enzyme.
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How many carbons are in a pentose sugar?
Five
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What is chitin?
A polysaccharide found in fungi and insects.
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Why is it good that cellulose is turgid?
The turgidity provides strength to each cell to support the whole plant.
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Why is glycogen helical?
To make it more compact and good for storage.
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How many carbons are in glyceraldhyde?
Three / Triose
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How are polysaccharides different to monosaccharides and disaccharides?
They are not sweet tasting.
They are not soluble.
They are not sugars.
They are not soluble.
They are not sugars.
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Does chitin form microfibrils?
Yes, it does