Week 4 Quiz Flashcards

Label the structures and organelles on this simplified diagram of a eukaryotic cell

Match the cellular function or activity with the cellular structures/organelles on this simplified diagram of a eukaryotic cell

What is the location of extrachromosomal DNA?

Mitochondrion

What is the site of production of ATP by the electron transport chain in BACTERIA?

Cytoplasmic membrane

What is the site of protein synthesis in a HUMAN cell?

80S ribosome

Name 2 Double-membrane structures

• Nuclear Membrane

• Mitochondrion

True or False?

Virus can replicate in non-living media. FALSE

Which amino acid is NOT found in alpha helical secondary structure?

Proline - The imino structure of the backbone nitrogen makes it unable to rotate and causes a kink in the backbone of the protein, disrupting the alpha helix.

Is the protein backbone planar?

The protein backbone contains a single planar bond, but in general is NOT planar

Are proteins monomers or polymers?

Proteins are polymers

Are all amino acids chiral?

Glycine is the ONLY non-chiral amino acid

Do proteins contain amine bonds in their backbone?

False

The primary structure describes the sequence of amino acid?

Yes

Where do disulphide bridges occur between?

Cysteine

What amino acid is NOT an L isomer?

Glycine

What is an example of secondary structure in proteins?

Alpha helices

How many types of amino acid are there?

20

What are the bonds involved in the stabilisation of secondary structures of a protein?

Hydrogen Bonds

What influences the correct folding of protein?

The amino acid sequence along the polypeptide chain

What 2 things are true of proteins?

• Super-secondary structure motifs are often found in unrelated proteins

• Secondary structure is stabilised by hydrogen bonds; formed between adjacent amide and carboxyl groups { alpha-helix/beta-pleated sheet }

What is true of haemoglobin?

• Its function is dependent on the small movement of the iron in the prosthetic group during binding of oxygen

What does Michaelis constant Km measure?

It measures affinity of an enzyme for substrate

What are 2 true statements of myoglobin?

• Myoglobin is known to store oxygen in the heart

• Myoglobin reaches 100% oxygen saturation at lower pO2 than haemoglobin

What does competitive inhibition require ?

The inhibitor to bind to the substrate binding site of the enzyme

What is the depicted lipid?

• The depicted lipids is an amphipathic molecule, probably a phospholipid

Which of the two indicated regions are HYDROPHOBIC?

• Label B

• Label C

Which region might mediate signal transduction?

• Label D

Where might an agonist bind if this was receptor?

• Label A

Which way would the amino acid sequence be read?

A to D

What does the ion channel do if the LIGAND is an AGONIST?

OPENS

Where do receptors face?

Receptors face extracellularly to enable DETECTION and LIGAND BINDING

Match the following transporters with the correct label

I - Symporter

II - Antiporter

Which 3 functional groups are present in the structure shown?

• Benzene Ring

• Amide

• Secondary Alcohol

Tranylcypromine, used in treatment of depression. What is its systematic name?

The systematic name is 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the MAIN active substance in Cannabis Sativa. How many sp3, sp2, sp hybridised carbon atoms are there in THC?

• 13 SP3 HYBRIDISED C ATOMS

• 8 SP2 HYBRIDISED C ATOMS

• 0 SP HYBRIDISED C ATOMS

Letrozole is aromatise inhibitor which is used in the treatment of certain breast cancers

• There is 1 sp3 hybridised carbon atom in letrozole

• There are 14 sp2 hybridised carbon atoms

• There are 2 sp2 hybridised carbon atoms

What is the scientific terminology for BY MOUTH?

ORAL

What is the scientific terminology for TO THE EAR?

AURAL

What is the scientific terminology for BY INJECTION?

PARENTERAL

What is the scientific terminology for AT THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN?

TOPICAL

What is the scientific terminology for TO THE NOSE?

NASAL

What is the scientific terminology for TO THE LUNGS?

PULOMNARY

What is the scientific terminology for TO THE EYE?

OCULAR

What are INACTIVE ingredients in a medicine called?

Excipients

What is the MAXIMUM shelf-life for a ‘specials-medicine’?

28 days

You are a pharmacist working in the medicine production unit of a large hospital. You have just manufactured a powder mix and wrapped individual doses in sachets. You are aware that one of the ingredient is sensitive to light.

Which instruction on how best to store their medicine will you give to the patient?

Store in a COOL, DRY & DARK PLACE!

Which excipients improve dose uniformity in a powder mix?

• FLOW AIDS

• ANTI-CAKING AGENTS

How are tablets made?

• Tablets are made by compressing powder mixtures/ granules

Where do immediate-release tablets disintegrate?

IN the stomach

Are tablets or capsules easier to manufacture?

Capsules

Do conventional tablets release drug in the GI tract faster than conventional capsules?

NO, Capsules do.

Steps to produce a homogenous mix of two powder ingredients

1. Weigh an EXCESS of the powder

2. Grind the powder

3. Sieve the powder

4. Weigh the powder ACCURATELY

5. Record the weight of the powder

6. MIX the powder with the other ingredient by GEOMETRIC MIXING

Give me some examples of CLOSED questions ( whereby the patient typically has a limited choice of answer e.g YES/NO?)

• ‘ Does the cough get better or worse when climbing the stairs?

• ‘ What is the best number to contact you on? ‘

• ‘ How long have you had this pain? ‘

• ‘ Are you able to swallow capsules? ‘

Give me some examples of OPEN questions ( whereby the patient has freedom of answer, as they can provide a range of detailed answers)

• ‘ Have you had difficulties with the patches since the last time that we spoke? ‘

• ‘ How are you getting on with your new inhaler? ‘

• ‘ How are these side-effects affecting your day-to-day activities? ‘

Which questions are leading?

• ‘ How often have you taken recreational drugs? ‘

• ‘ There’s no history of cancer in your family, is there? ‘

• ‘ When are you planning to have children? ‘

Which questions are NOT leading?

• ‘ Do you have asthma or any other conditions? ‘

• ‘ Do you drink alcohol? ‘

• ‘ Are you allergic to anything that you know of? ‘

Who is the regulatory body for pharmacy in GB?

GPhC - General Pharmaceutical Council

What are the functions of the GPhC?

• Registration of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians

• Accreditation of MPharm degrees

• Receiving and investigating complaints about pharmacies/pharmacists

How often must pharmacists renew their registration in order to stay registered with the GPhC?

Every Year