PHT 500 UE MUSCLE OIAN&M

superior trapezius ORIGIN

occipital protuberance, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae

superior trapezius INSERTION

posterior border of scapular spine, lateral 1/3 of clavicle

superior trapezius ACTIONS

1) elevates scapula (from clavicle)

2) upwardly rotates scapula

3) turns face to opposite side/laterally flexes neck to same side

4) bilaterally extends neck

middle trapezius ORIGIN

ligamentum nuchae in lower cervical region, spinous processes C7-T6

middle trapezius INSERTION

medial acromion, superior lip of posterior border of scapular spine

middle trapezius ACTIONS

adduction/retraction of scapula

inferior trapezius ORIGIN

T6-T12 spinous processes, supraspinal ligament

inferior trapezius INSERTION

medial end of spine of scapula

inferior trapezius ACTIONS

1) upwardly rotates scapula

2) depresses scapula

3) adducts scapula (when contracting with upper traps)

trapezius NERVE & MYOTOME

cranial nerve 11, cervical spinal nerves 3,4

latissimus dorsi ORIGIN

lumbodorsal fascia from spinal processes T6 - T12, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, posterior iliac crest, ribs 9-12

latissimus dorsi INSERTION

floor of intertubercular/bicipital groove (humerus)

latissimus dorsi ACTIONS & REVERSE ACTIONS

ALL OF THE SHOULDER:

1) adduction

2) extension (eventually hyperextension)

3) internal rotation

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\*\*reverse actions: by stabilizing the shoulder, you can lift your pelvis from sitting on a chair

latissimus dorsi NERVE & MYOTOME

thoracodorsal nerve (long subscapular, middle subscapular nerve) (C6, C7)

rhomboid major ORIGIN

T2 - T5 spinous processes

rhomboid major INSERTION

vertebral border of scapula below base of spine to inferior angle of scapula on dorsal surface

rhomboid minor ORIGIN

C7 - T1 spinous processes, inferior ligamentum nuchae, superior part of supraspinal ligament

rhomboid minor INSERTION

vertebral border of scapula at base of spine

rhomboids ACTIONS

ALL OF THE SCAPULA:

1) adduction

2) downward rotation

3) slight elevation

rhomboids NERVE & MYOTOME

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

levator scapulae ORIGIN

C1 - C4 transverse processes

levator scapulae INSERTION

vertebral border of scapula at base of spine

levator scapulae ACTIONS & REVERSE ACTIONS

ALL OF SCAPULA:

1) elevation

2) downward rotation

3) adduction (slight)

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\*\*reverse actions: 1) lateral neck flexion, 2) neck rotation (face turns to same side)

levator scapulae NERVE & MYOTOME

C3,4 dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

pectoralis major ORIGIN

anteriomedial clavicle, anterolateral sternum to level of rib 7, cartilage of ribs 2-6, aponeurosis of external oblique abdominis

pectoralis major INSERTION

crest of greater tubercle of humerus

pectoralis major ACTIONS

ALL OF SHOULDER:

1) adduction

2) internal rotation

3) horizontal adduction (\*out of anatomical position)

4) clavicular fibers flex WHEREAS sternal fibers extend (full flexion to 90 degrees)

pectoralis major sternal head NERVE & MYOTOME

medial pectoral and lateral pectoral nerves (C7, C8)

pectoralis major clavicular head NERVE & MYOTOME

lateral pectoral nerves (sometimes medial) (C6)

pectoralis minor ORIGIN

anterior, cranial and lateral surfaces of ribs 3-5 near cartilage

pectoralis minor INSERTION

coracoid process of scapula

pectoralis minor ACTIONS & REVERSE ACTIONS

ALL OF THE SCAPULA:

1) depression

2) anterior tilt

3) downward rotation

4) protraction

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\*\*reverse actions: by stabilizing the shoulder, ribs are lifted for forced inspiration

pectoralis minor NERVE & MYOTOME

medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

subclavius ORIGIN

1st rib and cartilage at junction

subclavius INSERTION

inferior clavicle

subclavius ACTIONS

1) moves shoulder downward and anteriorly (action of clavicle)

2) support the clavicle and restrict it from going too far

3) cushion/protect from nerves

subclavius NERVE & MYOTOME

subclavius nerve (C5)

serratus anterior ORIGIN

superior, anterior, and lateral borders of 1st 8 or 9 ribs and fascia from intercostal muscles

serratus anterior INSERTION

ventral surface of vertebral border of scapula

serratus anterior ACTIONS

1) protraction (abduction) and upward rotation of scapula,

2) holds scapula to thoracic wall (cosmetic; to stop it from popping out and looking like wings)

serratus anterior NERVE & MYOTOME

long thoracic nerve (C6, C7)

supraspinatus ORIGIN

medial 2/3 of supraspinatus fossa

supraspinatus INSERTION

uppermost impression of greater tubercle of humerus

supraspinatus ACTIONS

1) initiation (before deltoid takes over) of shoulder abduction

2) (tiny) lateral rotation of shoulder

3) holds humerus in glenoid cavity

infraspinatus ORIGIN

medial 2/3 of infraspinatus fossa

infraspinatus INSERTION

middle impression of greater tubercle

infraspinatus ACTIONS

1) lateral rotation of shoulder

supraspinatus and infraspinatus NERVE & MYOTOME

suprascapular nerve (C5)

teres minor ORIGIN

dorsal surface of axillary border of scapula, superior 2/3

teres minor INSERTION

most distal impression of greater tubercle

teres minor ACTIONS

1) lateral rotation of shoulder

2) rotator cuff stabilizer

teres minor NERVE & MYOTOME

axillary/circumflex nerve

subscapularis ORIGIN

subscapular fossa

subscapularis INSERTION

lesser tubercle of humerus

subscapularis ACTIONS

ALL OF THE SHOULDER:

1) internal rotation

2) adduction

subscapularis NERVE & MYOTOME

upper & lower subscapular nerves (C5-C7...C6 primarily)

teres major ORIGIN

dorsal surface, axillary border of scapula, inferior 1/3 (mainly inferior angle of scapula)

teres major INSERTION

crest of lesser tubercle

teres major ACTIONS

ALL OF THE SHOULDER:

1) internal rotation

2) adduction

3) extension

teres major NERVE & MYOTOME

lower subscapular nerve (C6)

anterior deltoid ORIGIN

anterior, superior, and lateral 1/3 of clavicle

anterior deltoid ACTIONS

1) flexion

2) medial rotation (also helps the pec to horizontally adduct the shoulder out of anatomical position and abduct if contracting with posterior deltoid)

middle deltoid ORIGIN

laterosuperior (lateral and superior) acromion

middle deltoid ACTIONS

ALL OF THE SHOULDER:

1) flexion

2) abduction

posterior deltoid ORIGIN

lower lip of crest of spine of scapula

posterior deltoid ACTIONS

ALL OF THE SHOULDER:

1) extension

2) lateral rotation (also helps the ___ to horizontally abduct the shoulder out of anatomical position and abduct if contracting with anterior deltoid)

deltoid INSERTION

deltoid tuberosity

deltoid NERVE & MYOTOME

axillary or circumflex (C5)

coracobrachialis ORIGIN

coracoid process

coracobrachialis INSERTION

middle portion, medial border of humerus

coracobrachialis ACTIONS & REVERSE ACTIONS

adduction

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\*\*reverse actions: shoulder flexion

biceps brachii short head ORIGIN

coracoid process

biceps brachii long head ORIGIN

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

biceps brachii INSERTION

radial tuberosity and lacertus fibrosis

biceps brachii ACTIONS & REVERSE ACTIONS

1) elbow flexion

2) supination

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\*\*reverse actions: shoulder flexion

brachialis ORIGIN

distal half of anterior humerus and medial and lateral intermuscular septa

brachialis INSERTION

ulnar tuberosity distal to coronoid process

brachialis ACTIONS

elbow flexion

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis NERVE & MYOTOME

musculocutaneous nerve(C6)

triceps long head ORIGIN

infraglenoid tubercle

triceps lateral head ORIGIN

upper lateral surface of humerus, proximal to musculospiral groove and lateral intermuscular septum

triceps medial head ORIGIN

posteromedial surface of humerus distal to musculospiral groove and whole length of medial intermuscular septum

triceps INSERTION

olecranon process of ulna

triceps ACTIONS & REVERSE ACTIONS

elbow extension

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\*\*reverse action of long head: shoulder extension

triceps NERVE & MYOTOME

radial nerve (C7, C8)

pronator teres humeral head ORIGIN

proximal to medial epicondyle of humerus and medial intermuscular septum

pronator teres ulnar head ORIGIN

medial side coronoid process of ulna

pronator teres INSERTION

middle of lateral surface of radius

pronator teres ACTIONS

1) pronation of proximal and distal radioulnar joint

2) minor elbow flexion (when resisted)

palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris humeral head ORIGIN

medial epicondyle of humerus and medial intermuscular septum

palmaris longus INSERTION

palmar aponeurosis (also attached to volar carpal ligament)

palmaris longus ACTIONS

wrist flexion

flexor carpi radialis INSERTION

base of anterior surfaces of metacarpals 2,3

flexor carpi radialis ACTIONS

1) wrist flexion

2) weak radial deviation

pronator teres, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi radialis NERVE & MYOTOME

median nerve (C6, C7)

flexor carpi ulnaris ulnar head ORIGIN

upper 2/3 dorsal ulnar surface

flexor carpi ulnaris INSERTION

pisiform bone (to ligaments connecting pisiform to hamate, metacarpal 5, and transverse bone)

flexor carpi ulnaris ACTIONS

1) wrist flexion

2) ulnar deviation

flexor carpi ulnaris NERVE & MYOTOME

ulnar nerve (C8)

flexor digitorum superficialis humeroulnar head ORIGIN

medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of ulna