21.4: locating genes, genetic screening, and counselling

DNA probes: two most commonly used probesS

DNA probes are used to identify particular alleles of genes in the following way:

DNA hybridisation

Genetic screening:

Areas where it is important to screen:

Personalised medicine

Genetic counselling:

Genetic fingerprinting:

Gel electrophoresis

Making of genetic fingerprint consists of five main stages:

• Extraction

• Digestion

• Separation

• Hybridisation

• Development

Extraction

Digestion

Separation:

Hybridisation

Development

Interpreting the results:

Uses of DNA fingerprinting

• DNA fingerprinting has a variety of uses genetic relationships and variability and forensic science, medical diagnosis, plant and animal breeding

Genetic relationships and variability

Forensic science

Medical diagnosis

Plant and animal breeding