history summer exam 2025

revision

when did henry l die without a male heir

1135

when did matildas forces invade normandy

1136-8

when did matilda defeat stephen at the battle of lincoln

1141

when was stephen helped by the people of london

1141

when was the civil war

1142-53

when did stephen agree the peace of winchester with matildas son henry

1153

when did stephen die and henry ll became king

1154

3 religous reasons for church in everyday life

1.marriage

2.funerals

3.confession

4 non-religous reasons for church

1. giving to the poor

2. monks giving healthcare

3. monks giving education

4. shelter for travellers

a reason why the doom paintings inserted power

is to insert dominance over people and make people do good things

4 ways in which medieval people used the church to get to heaven

1. By leaving money for priests to pray for you to cancel out your bad deeds and leave purgatory

2. By becoming a nun or monk and living a simple strict life

3. By going on a pilgrimage to show how dedicated to Christianity you are

4. By going to Sunday mass without fail every time

2 Successes of Henry the 1st

1. He was very cruel which meant that people wouldn’t rebel

2. He was a strong believer in Christianity

2 Failures of Henry the 1st

1. Henry was not a good fighter

2. He had a male heir but he died on a ship before he could rule

3 reasons why Stephen believed he deserved the throne

1. Because he is a man and men are primarily known to be kings

2. He had a male son so he could keep the royal line of succession going

3. He was cruel so people respected him

3. Reasons why Matilda deserved the throne

1. Henry 1st said on his deathbed he said “Matilda be Queen”

2. Henry 1st made the barons swear an oath to support Matilda; even Stephen agreed

3. She was a good fighter and commander and harsh but not too harsh. She captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln

Why did Becket and Henry argue

They started off as friends then king promoted Becket to Archdeacon of Canterbury, there were still friends then.With his ordination came a great change over Thomas, he cast off his expensive robes and helped the poor.Then Becket became Henry most formidable opponent. The argument got worse Thomas ran away and wrote angry letters to the king. After years Thomas and Henry finally made peace but then they started arguing again and Thomas started excommunicate the kings supports form the church. They argued because Thomas believed the church were superior to the crown.

Main events of Beckets murder

He began excommunicating some of the kings followers from the church. One day King John was ranring and said “Will no one rid me of this up start priest”. Four knights eager to prove themselves went of and killed Becket. They wiped his brains o the flags in the church. Later the Pope named Thomas Becket a saint. St. Thomas Becket

3 Reasons for going on Crusade

Punishment

Devoted Christian

Regain holy land

Victory at Arsuf

Two days after Acre, Richard marched south, shielding his knights with foot soldiers.
At Arsuf, Saladin attacked, but Richard held formation.
When the time came, his knights charged, devastating the Saracen army.

The seige of Acre

In July 1191, Richard arrived at Acre, joined Philip of France, and helped capture the city with powerful catapults.A dispute over flags led to Duke Leopold and then Philip leaving in anger.
When Saladin missed a ransom deadline, Richard ordered 2,700 Saracen prisoners executed.

The peace treaty

Richard marched toward Jerusalem but knew he couldn’t hold it if captured, as his army would be cut off from supplies.A treaty with Saladin let Crusaders keep their gains and allowed Christian pilgrims access to Jerusalem.Hearing of his brother John's plot for the crown, Richard left for Europe on 9 October 1192, vowing to return.

The Peasants Revolt

1300s: Villeins were angry at lords

1348-50: Confusion after the black death

1351: Pay rise request means punishment

1360: Ball says “god loves equally”

1369s: Wasted money fighting France

1377: Boy king means weak government

March 1381: Poll tax on peasants repeated

May 30th 1381: Bampton mistreating women means riot

June 7th 1381: Ex-soldier, Wat Tyler, leads revolt

June 13th 1381: Merchants open gates for riots