Greek Period Study- DATES

492

King darius' policy towards the Greeks: mardonius Expedition

490

The battle of Marathon

480-479 *

Xerxes invasion: battle of Thermopylae, Artemsium, Salamis, plataea and Mycale

478 *

Athens becomes hegemon of the delian League (set up by Aristides)

476

Delian League attack Eion (becuase of Persian influence) - captured, population sold into slavery, Athens set up a cleruchy of Amphipolis - Cimon

474

Delian League attack on Scyros (pirates) - defeated, Athens set up a cleruchy, trade increased, Cimon brings back Theseus' bones

472

Delian League attack on Carystus - forced into DL and had to pay tribute

469 *

Revolt of Naxos - Besieged by Athens, walls torn down, fleet confiscated, forced to pay tribute and stay in DL. In line with DL constitution as Persia still a threat. First time broken - forced membership

469-466

Battle of Eurymedon (it took place either in 469 OR 466) - Persians defeated by DL commanded by Cimon on land and sea, Persians no longer a threat to Greece, Athens spend money on the long walls

465-63 *

Revolt of Thasos - Dispute over silver mines in Thrace, Thasos attempt to leave league, walls torn down, fleet confiscated, forced to pay tribute, mines LOST. Not in line with constitution as Persia no longer a threat. Sparta promised aid but did not send due to earthquake and helot revolt - Self interest, fist time an Athenian ally called upon Sparta

462-61 *

-Cimon persuades Athenians to aid Sparta put down helot revolt, but Sparta refuses the help

- Cimon exiled in 461 - Rise of Pericles- creates the empire

460

Egyptian campaign from 460-454 BC, Athenians send aid to Egypt who are revolting against Persia, ended in ultimate failure, but broadly in line with DL constitution

458

Aegina attacked, "The eyesore of the Piraeus" and member of the Peloponnesian League, attacked by Athens (no legitimate reason), besieged, forced to pay highest tribute of 30 talents

457 *

Battle of Tanagra = Direct consequence of Aegina affair; Sparta vs. Athens, Sparta win. First time they fight each other

454- 53 *

- Treasury moves from Delos to Athens → Start of the Athenian Empire - "Severe and exacting"

-Congress ceases to meet

451

-Cimon recalled but dies in 450 BC

-5-year truce between Athens and Sparta

449 *

- Peace of Callias between Athens and Persia. Persia agree not to come within 3 days' march of Asia Minor or send warships into the Aegean - Pericles begins rebuilding program

447-46

Megara and Euboea revolt - Megara are successful but Euboea is crushed by Athens

445 *

30 years peace between Sparta and Athens - Athens agree to give Aegina independence (they don't), and leave Megara free

435 *

Corcyra affair (Thucydides aitiai) - Corcyra, a colony of Corinth, had a dispute with its own colony called Epidamnus and Corinth sided with Epidamnus. Corcyra asked Athens for help and an alliance, Athens sided with Corcyra, and Corcyra is saved from destruction which angers Corinth

432 *

(Thucydides Aitiai) -Potidaea affair - Colony of Corinth but also in DL, wants to leave, besieged by Athens

-Megarian Decree - Trade embargo on Megara to force it back into the DL

-Debate at Sparta - Corinth attack Athens' expansion, Athens defend themselves, Spartan king Archidamus urges caution, Sthenelaidas wants war

-Allied Congress - Corinth give ideas on how to defeat Athens

431 *

GPW begins - 1st phase is the Archidamian War → Beginning of GPW

-Athenian tactics = to wait it out; 'Island Fortress' strategy, investing in money, navy, and resources, livestock on Euboea, citizens all in Athens

-Spartan aim is to tempt Athens into a pitched battle as they have more men but fewer resources

-Sparta invade Attica and destroy crops there for some after 40 days

430 *

-Athenian Plague

-Pericles' speech defending the empire → Empire is now a tyranny

429 *

Pericles dies → rise in demagogy

428

Mytilene revolts from Athens and asks Sparta for aid, who promise to help but then do nothing

427

-Mytilenean Debate between Cleon, who wants to teach Mytilene a lesson, and Diodotus, who wants to treat them well to encourage loyalty. Diodotus wins, Sparta capture Plataea

- Plataea surrenders to the Spartans and Thebans. 200 prisoners are put to death and Plataea is destroyed

425-4 *

Pylos and Sphacteria - 292 Spartans surrender to Athens. Sparta humiliated, Cleon rejects Spartan peace offer ( best example of Cleon aggressive strategy)

424-2

-Brasidas (Spartan) - In Northern Greece encouraging revolts and attacking Athenian allies

-Amphipolis captured by Sparta

-Population of Sicone massacred by Cleon

421 *

Peace of Nicias - 50-year peace agreed between Athens and Sparta (does not last!) (know why is was a failure)

418 *

Battle of Mantinea - Sparta vs. Argos and Athens. Sparta win- second time they fight eachother

416

Athens attack Melos - Athens very aggressive in their speech. Melos is destroyed

415-13 *

-Mutilation of the Hermae

-Sicilian Expedition commanded by Nicias ends in complete disaster

412 *

Treaty of Miletus between Sparta and Persia

412-04 *

-The Ionian War - This is the last phase of the war

-Sparta defeat Athens at Notium and Aegospotami