Just Consonant Sounds

/s/

Voiced “ssss” Sound

/z/

Voiced “zzzz” Sound ex buzz

/t/

Voiceless “t” sound

/ʃ/

Voiceless “sh” Sound

/tʃ/

Voiceless “ch’’ sound ex: chip

/m/

Voiced “mmm” sound ex:mountainn

/n/

Alveolar Voiced “nuhh” sound

/ŋ/

Velar nasal. Voiced Middle “nuh” sound like the n in ink the "

p b

“puh” & “buh” Sound

t d

“tuh” & “duh” Sound

k g

“kuh” & “guh” Sound

/ʔ/

Glottal stop. What’s in the middle of the “uh + oh”.

ex: Hawai’i. It’s the pause in the middle. or La’tin or satin. It’s the space or like the catch in the middle. 

f v

“fuh” + “vuh” ex fever and victory

θ ð

“th” sound like thin

ð

Ex: This, that, these.

Overall more vibration then just θ

dʒ

Voiced “juh” Sound. Ex: judge, jump

/h/

Voiceless "h” sound like “hih/huh”. Ex: happy

For Consonat sounds, the 1st part is voiceless, the second is voiced

Ex: in pb it’s “puh” + “buh” puh is voiceless, buh is voiced.

or

in td it’s “tuh” + “duh” tuh is voiceless, duh is voiced

/g/

“guh” sound, velar closure, full stop sound 

/l/

“lllll” sound

• You should feel the air flowing around the tongue 

• Word ex: love, lamp, rowboat 

/r/ 

Post alveolar liquid 

• An “are” sound 

• Ex: ration, barge 

• /r/ is technically the “rolled r” symbol for Spanish and other languages. But for English and this class, you’ll use /r/ with the meanings above. 

/w/

"wuh” sound ex. Wing, flowing 

/j/ 

a “yuh” or like an overall “y(why)” sound ex: your, union, hue

/ɾ/ 

• Alveolar Tap  

• Occurs words like butter. Sounds like a “d” sound. We don’t use “t”s for butter, or “d”. We kind of use a combo of both. That's what a tap is. 

• Same thing goes for words like “water” and “skiddish” 

• It's at alveolar ridge