Phonics Final Exam

Syllable

Spoken unit of sound with one vowel sound

Affix

A word part added to the beginning or end of a root word to change it's meaning

Consonant

letter that are not vowels. B,C,D,F,G,H,J,K,L,M,N,P,Q,R,S,T,V,W,X,Y,and Z.

Consonante-le

When you have a consonant followed by L and a silent E

Continuous Sounds

Sounds that can be held out

Digraph

A combination of two letters that make one sound

Diphthong

Blend of vowel sounds in one syllable

Encoding

The process of translating spoken words into written form by segmenting a word into individual sounds and then writing the corresponding letter or letter combinations

Morphemes

The smallest units of meaning

Onset-Rime

Onset is all the sounds before the vowel sound and rime is the vowel and everything that comes after it.

Phoneme

The smallest units of speech

Phonics

A reading method teaching the connection between letters and sounds to help beginners decode words by sounding them out.

Phonogram

A single letter or group of letters that represents a single sound

Prefix

A set of letters or one letter placed before a word. Ex. pre

R-controlled Vowels

At least one vowel followed by an R

Root word

The part of the word that carries its core meaning

Schwa

An unstressed vowel sound

Sight word

Any word that you see and can recite by heart

Sound/spelling

How you write/say a word

Stop sounds

Sounds that stop abruptly and usually end with a little puff of air

Suffix

A letter or group of letters at the end of a word that can change it's meaning

6 syllable types

Closed, open, magic e, vowel team, r-controlled, and consonant-le.

Irregular Word

Words that contain elements that do not follow the most common letter-sound correspondences

High frequency word

The most commonly used words in reading and writing

Vowel

A, E, I, O, U

Alphabetic Principle

The fundamental understanding that spoken words are made of individual sounds that are represented by written letters or letter combinations in print and it forms the bias for reading and writing

Letter knowledge

Knowing the letters of the alphabet

Phonological Awareness

Word level, syllable level, onset and rime, and phonemic awareness.

Phonemic awareness

Awareness of individual sounds in spoken words

Print awareness

knowing about the forms and functions of print

Blending

Groups of two or more consonants where each letter sound is still heard

Elkonin sound boxes

A phonics tool that helps children develop phonemic awareness by segmenting words into individual sounds.

Segmentation

Pulling apart letters into their sounds

Rhyming

Teaching children to hear and identify word endings that have the same sounds

Prosody

The tonal and rhythmic aspects of spoken language

Reading fluency

The accurate reading of connected text at a conversational rate with appropriate prosody

Reading rate

How quickly and accurately a reader reads a connected text

Word-reading accuracy formula

Total words-errors= WCPM

Curriculum-based measurement (CBM)

Measures how well a student reads with speed, accuracy, and expression.

Dysfluent reading

When kids are slow and struggle with reading

Oral reading fluency (ORF)

Measures how well a student reads with speed, accuracy, and expression. It is how quickly a student can read for one minute

Assisted reading

When the teacher helps you to read with words that you don't already know

Independent silent reading

When you read by yourself

Levels of text difficulty

It is the difficulty of a text for you to read it

Partner reading

Two students read a passage together or take turns b y sentences/paragraphs

Phrase-cued reading

Being promoted to read a part in a book or needing help

Repeated reading

Students reread the same passage several times to build speed and confidence

Letter naming fluency assessment

Assessing how well the students can name the letters of the alphabet

Yopp-Singer assessment

Students break spoken words into their individual sounds to be able to hear and manipulate the sounds

Phonics decoding survey

It helps to find out a students strengths and weaknesses with decoding words

PAST (Kilpatrick)

Assess a students phonological awareness

Orthographic Mapping

How the brain maps a word

Orthographic lexicon

The mental library to automatically recognize a word