Studied by 2 people
Oxytocin
________ is released during breast feeding and by contact in warmth.
Epigenetic view
emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.
Bowlby
both infants and their primary caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments.
infant focus
Joining attention: when the caregiver and ________ on the same object or event.
Self regulation
variations in extent /effectiveness of an individuals ability to control their emotions.
meaningful interactions
Intention, goal- directed behavior, and ________ with others.
Separation protest
________: crying when caregiver leaves.
psychological development
Secure attachment in the first year of life provides an important foundation for ________ later in life.
reciprocal framework
In using scaffolding, caregivers provide a positive, ________ in which they and their children interact.
Inhibition
________ shows stability in infancy to early childhood.
hostile parenting
Harsh, ________ is associated with negative outcomes for children, such as benign defiant and oppositional.
positive mood
Easy child: ________, regular routine, easy to adopt.
Temperament
________: individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding.
Prefrontal cortex
________, subcortical regions of amygdala, and hypothalamus likely have an important role in maternal attachment behavior.
Social referencing
reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation.
Fathers
________ have the ability to act as sensitively and responsively as mothers with their infants.
Harlow
________: contact comfort is important in attachment.
Reactivity
________: variations in the speed and intensity with which an individual responds to situations with positive or negative emotions.
Newborn
________ is biologically equipped to elicit attachment behavior.
self concept
Plays a pivotal role in the discovery of links between attachments and emotional understanding, conscience development, and ________.
Maternal negativity
________ and child problem behavior were most strongly linked for children who were low in effortful control and living in chaotic homes.
behavioral organization
Emotions play important roles in communication with others and ________.
environmental support
The infant is motivated to reach, and ________ for the skill the infants and toddlers push for independence is paced by the development of locomotion skills.
Erik Erikson
________: important issue in second year of life.
Long term effect
________ is to increase the infants chance of survival.
Infants
________ learn trust when they are cared for in a consistent, warm manner.
Autonomy builds
________ as infants mental and motor abilities develop.
Negative affectivity
________: easily distressed.
Freud
________: infants become attached to the person or object that provides oral satisfaction.
Developmental cascade model
connections across domains over time that influences developmental pathways and outcomes.
irregular routine
Difficult child: reacts negatively, cries, ________, slow to change.
secure base
Securely attached babies use the caregiver as a(n) ________ from which to explore the environment.
Goodness of fit
________: match between a childs temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.
Low caregiver
________- to- child ratio that allows caregivers to spend considerable time with children on an individual basis.
low intensity of mood
Slow to warm up child: low activity level, negative, ________.
Stranger anxiety
________: infant shows a fear and wariness of strangers.
Face to face play
________ begins to characterize caregiver- infant interactions when the infant is 2- 3 months old.
Inhibition
________ to unfamiliar: avoidance, distress, subdued effect.
Erik Erikson
________: trust v mistrust stage of development in first year of life.
fear
one of the childs earliest emotions
stranger anxiety
infant shows a fear and wariness of strangers
separation protest
crying when caregiver leaves
temperament
individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding
reactivity
variations in the speed and intensity with which an individual responds to situations with positive or negative emotions
self-regulation
variations in extent / effectiveness of an individuals ability to control their emotions
easy child
positive mood, regular routine, easy to adopt
difficult child
reacts negatively, cries, irregular routine, slow to change
slow to warm up child
low activity level, negative, low intensity of mood
inhibition to unfamiliar
avoidance, distress, subdued effect
negative affectivity
easily distressed
contemporary view
temperament is a biologically based but evolving aspect of behavior
goodness of fit
match between a childs temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with
Erik Erikson
trust v mistrust stage of development in first year of life
Erik Erikson
important issue in second year of life
second stage of development
autonomy v shame and doubt
joining attention
when the caregiver and infant focus on the same object or event
social referencing
reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation
attachment
close emotional bond between two people
Freud
infants become attached to the person or object that provides oral satisfaction
Harlow
contact comfort is important in attachment
Bowlby
both infants and their primary caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments
24 months +
children become aware of others feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take these into account in forming their own actions
developmental cascade model
connections across domains over time that influences developmental pathways and outcomes
scaffolding
parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn taking with the parents
Note 
Flashcard (20)