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Abdominopelvic cavity
A continuous internal opening that includes the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Anatomical position
An erect standing position with arms at the sides and palms facing forward
Atoms
The basic building blocks of matter
Cells
Thr smallest building blocks of all living things
Combined loading
The simultaneous action of two or more types of forces
Cranial cavity
The open chamber inside the skull that supports the brain
Data set
Systematically collected and recorded observations
Homeostasis
A state of regulated physiological balance
Homeostatic mechanisms
The processes that maintain homeostasis
Hypothesis
An educated guess about the outcome of a study
Independent variables
Topics under study in an investigation
Inertia
Resistance to change in state of motion
Kinetics
A field of study that analyzes the actions of forces
Mass
The quantity of matter contained in an object
Spinal cavity
The internal opening that houese the spinal cord
Anatomy
Form or structure
Gross
To the eye- physical
Microscopic
Can be seen under a lens
Physiology
Function
What is the difference between comparative anatomy and comparative physiology
Different species
What are the three types of planes
Transverse, sagittal, frontal, nonplanar
What are the four abdominal quandrants
Right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower
Superior
Close to the head
Inferior
Away from the head
Anterior
Toward the front of the body
Anterior
Toward the front of the body
Posterior
Toward the back of the body
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Proximal
Closer to the trunk
Distal
Away from the trunk
Superficial
Toward the surface of the body
Deep
Away from the surface of the body
Components of the integumentary system
Skin
Components of the skeletal system
Cartilage, joints, bones
Components of the cardiovascular system
Heart, blood vessels
Components of the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
Metabolism
Chemical reactions in body cells
Metabolic rate
Speed with which body consumes energy
Responsiveness
Ability to sense and respond to environmental change
External movement
Walking, running, dancing
Internal movement
Blood flow, inhaling and exhaling,
Homeostatic mechanisms
Nervous and endocrine systems
Three common elements of homeostasis
Receptor, control center, effector
Negative feedback
Conditions exceeding set limit on one direction trigger reaction in opposite direction of homeostasis
Positive feedback
The body increases disruptive influence to restore homeostasis
Kinetics
Human body both generates and resists force
What are the elements of force
Size or magnitude, direction, point at which it acts
Forces that act on the body
Body weight, friction, air resistance, water resistance
Pressure
Amount of force distributed over a given area
Torque
Size of force x perpendicular distance from line of force application to center of rotation
What are Newton’s laws of motion
Law of intertia, law of acceleration, law of reaction
What factors determine whether forces result in injury
Size, direction, application point, duration of force application
Acute injury
From a single force
Repetitive injury
from relatively small forces applied repeatedly
Scientific Method step 1
Identify a research question
Scientific Method step 2
Formulate hypothesis
Scientific Method step 3
Choose participants
Scientific Method step 4
Collect the data
Scientific Method step 5
Analyze the data
Scientific Method step 6
Interpret and discuss results
Scientific Method step 7
Formulate conclusions
Amino acids
The building blocks of proteins
Anion
A negatively charged ion
Atomic number
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus
Base pairs
Pairs of complementary nucleic acid bases; A and T or C and G
Cation
A positively charged ion
Electron
A negatively charged fundamental particle
Glycoproteins
Proteins with carbohydrate groups attatched
Human genome
The complete DNA sequence of a human
Microvilli
Finger like extensions that increase the surface area of a cell
Mitochondria
Organelles in the cytoplasm that make ATP
Molecules
Groups of 2 or more atoms bonded together
Neutron
A fundamental particle that has no electric charge
Nucleic acids
Key information-carrying molecules in the cells
Nucleotides
Subunits that make up nucleic acids
Chemical bonds
Atoms link up to form a molecule
Covalent bonds
Form when two atoms lowered their combined energy
Ionic bonds
Form due to electric attraction
Hydrogen bonds
Form through electrostatic attraction
Types of molecukes
Organic and inorganic
Simple carbohydrates
Glucose, sucrose
Complex carbohydrates
Polymer, glycogen
Proteins
Chains of amino acids
What do amino acids join together to form?
Peptide bonds
Structural elements of protein
Collagen
Protein enzymes
Salivary amylase
Protein carriers
Myoglobin and hemoglobin
What does plasma membrane control
What passes through a cellBip
Biopsy
Removal of a tissue sample for microscopic elimination to diagnose disease
Carcinoma
cancer that secretes the extracellular matrix of cartilage
Cartilage muscle
The major muscle tissue of the heart
Chondroblasts
Cells that secrete the extracellular matrix of cartilage
Ectoderm
The outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development
Endocrine gland
A gland that secretes its product into the interstitial space
Exocrine gland
A gland that secretes its product to the outside world
Histology
The study of tissues
Lumen
The hollow, inner portion of a body cavity or tube
Mesoderm
The middle layer of an embryo in early development
Bone tissue
Osseous tissue
Sarcoma
Cancer that originates in connective tissue
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