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Disaster

Disaster originally meant "an unfavorable position of
a star or planet." It is derived from the French word
des, meaning bad and aster meaning star, refers to a
bad star.

• An event whose timing is unexpected and
  whose consequences are seriously
  destructive.

• A disaster is defined as "sudden or great
  misfortune" or simply "any unfortunate
  event."

CONCEPT OF DISASTER (D)

disruption of function of large number of people

CONCEPT OF DISASTER (I)

impact involves human, material, monetary and ecological losses

CONCEPT OF DISASTER (S)

sudden devastating and unexpected event.

CONCEPT OF DISASTER (A)

affect different levels of society: household, community and provincial level.

CONCEPT OF DISASTER (S)

safe keeping measures is theutmost concern.

CONCEPT OF DISASTER (T)

total damages to life, limb and property is appailing.

CONCEPT OF DISASTER (E)

exceed the capacity of a neighborhood or the general public to manage by means of its own resources.

CONCEPT OF DISASTER (R)

recovery takes months/years

Aftermath of DISASTERS

• Loss of life, injury or other health
  impacts

• Property damage

• Loss of livelihoods and services

• Social and economic disruption

• Environmental damage.

Natural Disasters

• is the negative impact that effects the communities after a natural hazard.

• include tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, wildfires, volcanic
  eruptions, blizzards, hailstorms, mudslides, and floods.

Natural disasters statistics: Philippines

The Philippines is located inside the Pacific Ring of
Fire, a 40 thousand-kilometer area shaped like a
horseshoe. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
are common in its Pacific Ocean basin.

MAN-MADE

Disaster are cause by errors of man, either
intentional or accidental. (e.g Oil Spills, Armed
conflict, Nuclear Explosions, Vehicular
Accidents, Terrorists Bombings etc.

Effects of disaster

• HUMAN IMPACT

• ENVIRONMENTAL DANGER

• INFRASTRACTURE DAMAGE

HUMAN IMPACT

• You run the risk of becoming
  physically hurt or dying.

• You run the risk of
  developing mental and
  physical health issues as a
  result of such stresses.

ENVIRONMENTAL DANGER

• These catastrophes have
  resulted in the deaths of
  people, animals, and plants
  as well as serious disruptions
  to human life and health that
  may have required migration.

INFRASTRACTURE DAMAGE

• Extreme weather events are
  occurring more frequently as
  a result of global warming,
  which increases the risk of
  structural and functional
  failure of vital infrastructure.

Human impacts of natural disasters

1. Displaced Populations

2. Health Risks

3. Food Scarcity

4. Emotional Aftershocks

Disaster management

• management of natural
  catastrophes such as; fire,
  flooding or earthquakes.

• discipline in avoiding and
  dealing with the calamities.

• produced by the experts,
  to prevent worst outcome.

Disaster management: disaster risk reduction

• Implementing preparation in Before-During-
  After the crisis.

Disaster management: Emergency management

• Can be seen as more general intent to protect
  the civilian population in times of peace as well
  as in times of war.

Disaster management: crisis management

• EU countries, implementing rules in
  disciplining people to avoid worst result of
  disasters.

Disaster management:
civil protection

• Used in a European Union, protecting the
  natural human- made disasters.

RISK

A system, society, or community's
potential for death, serious injury,
or destroyed or damaged property
that could happen in a given
amount of time and is estimated
probabilistically based on factors
like hazard, exposure, vulnerability,
and capacity.

• It identifies what cause
  of disaster, whether it is
  made from human or
  natural disaster.

CONCEPT OF RISK (R)

resources are in danger of being lost.

CONCEPT OF RISK (I)

incident occuring in particular
locale over a period of time.

CONCEPT OF RISK (S)

surveillance is essential in
disaster preparation

CONCEPT OF RISK (K)

(constant) Disaster Equation
RISK= HAZARD

VULNERABILITY = CAPACITY

RISK factors

A number of factors make it
more likely that someone will
have more severe or longer-
lasting stress reaction after
disasters.

RISK factors: Severity exposure

• The lower risk with lasting impact
  are those who only had indirect
  exposure, such as news of the
  severe damaged.

• Disaster will leave a mark to
  somone’s mental health.

RISK factors: gender and family

• Aftermath of disaster are hard to
  deal with.

• Having a family member in the
  home, who is extremely
  distressed is related to more
  stress to everyone.

RISK factors: age

• Children show more severe
  distress after disaster that the
  adults.

• Adults are more tend to be stress
  as disasters damaged everything.

RISK factors: developing countries

• Factors can be worse,
  the more place/country
  develops the more
  nature will be abuse.

developing countries

Reason why ________ are more Vulnerable to Natural Disasters:

1. Poorly constructed buildings.

2. Poor Sanitation.

3. Rapid population growth/high density population.

4. Limited resources for disaster response and rebuilding.

5. Limited of economic safety nets.

RISK factors: Low/ negative social support

• Sometimes the
  responses from others
  you relay on for support
  are negative.

risk assessment

• A procedure for
  locating possible
  risks and
  estimating the
  consequences of a
  hazard or disaster.

prediction

• The ability to predict a
  disaster is essential to
  comprehending its
  nature and evaluating
  the likelihood of it
  happening and the
  intensity of the
  incident.

forecasting

• The next stage of
  disaster management
  is forecasting for
  natural disasters that
  have a reasonable
  degree of inherent
  predictability.

warning

• “normal routines of life
  should be altered to
  deal with the danger
  imposed by the
  imminent event”

• As soon as a forecast
  for a disaster event is
  available, it must be
  promptly translated
  into a warning that is
  time- and location-
  specific.

The effectiveness of a ______ depends on:

1. The timeliness of the warning.

2. Effective communications and public information systems to inform the public of the imminent danger.

3. The credibility of the sources from which the warning comes.

resilience factors

• Most victims of
  natural disasters go
  on to recover.

• After disasters, some
  people also report
  positive changes.

resilience factors: Social support

• Support can increase
  well-being and limits the
  distress after mass
  trauma.

resilience factors: Social
support

1. Practical help in solving problems.

2. A sense of being understood and
   accepted.

3. Sharing trauma experience.

4. Getting comfort that what you went
   through and how you responded is
   not “abnormal”

5. Shared tips about coping.

resilience factors: coping
confidence

Believing that things are
meant to happen, these
thing shall pass.

resilience factors: hope

can be cultivated
through the conviction that
entities such as
government agencies,
volunteer organizations, or
members of the local
community are advocating
on your behalf.

capacity assessment

Understand people’s
previous experiences with
hazards that enabled them to
develop coping strategies.

vulnerability

• Assessing the health risk of
  disasters to individuals and
  communities.

• It is measure how an object,
  individual, groups or a whole
  country to meet the consequence
  of a hazard.

• Is influenced by the governance
  because of the infrastructure, building
  codes and land use planning.

vulnerable

• Prone to be destroy,
  injure, and
  possible/potential losses
  of shelters.

• cannot resist the rage of
  hazards, calamities and
  risks.

physical vulnerability

Pertains to the physical profile of a subject.

social vulnerability

relates to inability of an individual/ even
group of people to tolerate the impact of
disaster in relation to their inherent
characteristics.

economic vulnerability

determined by individuals,
communities and the
nations’ economic
stability through financial
sustainability.

environmental vulnerability

determined by individuals,
communities and the
nations’ economic
stability through financial
sustainability.

ETHNIC

The Philippines is a nation in
Southeast Asia that is home to
114.6 million people. The
Philippines is an archipelago of
numerous islands, its peoples are
diverse in terms of language and
culture.

Visayan (Cebuano, Waray,
Hiligaynon/Ilonggo, Karay-
a, Aklanon, Masbatenyo,
Romblomanon) 31.6%,
Tagalog 28.1% (2000
census)

VULNERABLE GROUPS

Women, children, elderly,
people with disabilities
and migrants are
considered as the most
vulnerable groups in the
Philippines.

POVERTY

Is the state of not having enough money to cover necessities such as clothing, food, and housing.

ENVIRONMENT

Holds one of the key information
regarding the Philippine’s exposure and vulnerability
to disaster.

ENVIRONMENT- BORDERS

The Philippines is an island
nation without land
borders. It is an archipelago
consists of over 7,000
islands of which, only 2,000
are inhabited.

ENVIRONMENT- GEOGRAPHY

The Philippines has an estimated
land area of 300,000 square
kilometers with 1,830 as water area.

ENVIRONMENT- CLIMATE

The Philippines, being near to the
Pacific Ocean and located near the
equator, has a tropical weather
condition.

ndrrmc: National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council

The advisor to the President on
government and private sector
rehabilitation initiatives,
disaster operations, and
preparedness programs.

Engineering

helps create solutions to help mitigate effects of Natural Hazards. From the technologies created to the ways in which homes are built engineers play an important role in helping protect communities.

Preparedness

It is important that you are
prepared for potential disasters
depending on your location.

Having an emergency supply kit
and an emergency plan are two
basic steps to be prepared!

exposure

• It measures the likelihood of a individual, target group, edifice, populace or the whole state to experience a disaster and its effects.

hazards

• is a hazardous material, phenomenon,
  behavior, or state of affairs in humans.

• It may result in fatalities, serious
  injuries or other health effects,
  destruction of property, interruption
  of social and economic life, loss of
  services, or harm to the environment.

natural hazards

• Natural disasters that endanger people's
  lives, property, and other resources.

• _______ are often predictable.

• They are correlated with local weather
  patterns or physical features, they
  frequently happen in the same places.

kitchen & open shelves/ tabletops

Pose risks due to the
presence of hot appliances,
sharp cutlery, and bacteria
from cross-contamination.

floods

Is an excess of water
(or, rarely, another
liquid) that covers
normally dry land.

flash flood

• Can be brought on by a variety of
  factors, but thunderstorms'
  exceptionally high rainfall is usually
  the cause.

• Mudslides (Debris Flow) and/or dam
  or levee breaks can cause flash
  floods.

GENERAL FLOOD

• A water spill onto typically dry land,
  the flooding of a typically dry region
  brought on by the rise in water
  levels in an existing waterway.

• Unlike flash flooding, flooding can
  last for several days or even weeks.

infrastructure and
coastal development

It increases the resistance of
ground surfaces due to
concrete roads and loss its
ability to soak up flood waters
and may result to flash flooding.

haphazard dumping of
garbage

It causes blockage of
waterways.

blasting

Generates landslides in the
slopes of hills and mountains
and may result to
unintended damning of
rivers and streams.

deforestation

decreases the
permeation capacity
and speed of the flood.

heavy and
extended rainfall

Hydrometeorological
disturbances such as
tropical cyclones to heavy
floodings.

Storm surge

It can generate elevation
of ocean level to ground
height to several feet and
flood nearby low-lying
coastal communities.

high tide

That coincides with high
stream flows can
aggravate flooding near
the coast.

DAM COLLAPSE

• This is caused by a shifting of a dam
  foundation on earthquake, oil
  drilling or faulty construction.

• Earth dams are more likely to
  collapse when excessive rainfall fills
  the reservoir to overflowing.

lANDSLIDES

• is the large-scale sliding of
  debris, rock, or earth down a
  slope.

• They may occur quickly or
  more gradually over an
  extended length of time.

HYDROLOGICAL HAZARDS: MASS
MOVEMENT WET

1. Subsidence

2. Rockfall

3. Avalanche

4. Landslide

typhoon

Is a powerful circular storm that forms
over tropical oceans that are warm. It is
also referred to as a typhoon or hurricane.
It is characterized by winds exceeding 119
km/h (74 miles per hour), low
atmospheric pressure, and heavy rain.

typhoon

Is described as a “tumultuous storm” due
to its large storm system.

thunder storm

A severe
rainstorm with
wind, lightning,
thunder, and
occasionally hail.

1. Towering cumulous
   clouds.

2. Shadows of dark skies.

3. Sparks of lightning, and
   gusty winds

4. Roar of thunder, and

5. Static on your
   communication gadget.

storm surge

• It is common for ocean
  waves to be pushed
  towards the shore by the
  force of the wind and the
  intense pressure of a
  heavy down pour.

• Also known as “Daluyong
  ng Bagyo” .

geologic hazards

Most hazardous process are also Geological Processes

• Earthquake

• Volcanic Eruptions

• Tsunami

• Drought

• Landslide

landslide

This is the movement of rocks, earth's debris and slopes generated by an earthquake. This occurs due to the collapse of the materials under a hill slope and the force of gravity.

El Niño- la Niño

Spanish term meaning “Little Child” or “Boy
Child”

• Late onset of rainy season.

• Early cessation of rainy season.

• Weak monsoon activity.

• Isolated rain with short duration.

El Niño- la Niño

• Weak tropical cyclone activity;

• Far tropical cyclone track;

• Few number of tropical cyclone track.

• Few number of tropical cyclones entering
  Philippine Area of Responsibility;

• Less intense tropical cyclones.

earthquake

• An abrupt shift in the
  lithosphere, or upper
  mantle and crust, of the
  Earth typically follow
  them.

• Magma movement in volcanic
  regions or the release of stored
  stress in rocks along geologic
  faults are the two main causes of
  earthquakes.

• Aftershocks typically follow
  them.

NATURAL AND MAN-MADE

two CAUSED classifications
of earthquake

NATURAL

This phenomenon are the
naturally occurring
earthquakes along the fault
lines.

MAN-MADE

This phenomenon are
earthquakes caused by
explosions detonated by
man.

TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE

The shifting of the Earth's plates is
what causes tectonic earthquakes. These earthquakes have extremely
strong energy that can cause a great deal of damage.

CAUSE:When the plates of the Earth shift,
tectonic earthquakes happen.
This can occur when two plates
come into contact, when one
plate slides beneath another, or
when the mantle moves and
forces a plate to move.

EFFECT:They may also set off other
natural calamities like landslides
and tsunamis

VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKE

Magma moving beneath the surface of the Earth is what causes volcanic earthquakes.

CAUSE:When magma moves beneath the
surface of the Earth, volcanic
earthquakes happen. This may
occur when magma is expelled
from a volcano or when it is driven
upward by plate tectonics.

EFFECT:They may also set off other
natural calamities, like landslides
and volcanic eruptions.

COLLAPSE EARTHQUAKE

Building collapses and other structural failures are the cause of collapse earthquakes. These are usually very small earthquakes, but if they happen in a populated area, they can be very deadly.

CAUSE:Building collapses and other
structural failures are the cause
of collapse earthquakes.
Numerous factors, such as
shoddy construction, extreme
weather, or an earthquake, may
cause this.

EFFECT:They may also start gas leaks and
fires, among other secondary
calamities.

EXPLOSION EARTHQUAKE

Are brought on by explosive detonation. These earthquakes are typically very small, but if they happen close to populated areas, they may cause damage.

EARTHQUAKE SAFETY CHECKLIST (S)

See and visit your local disaster risk
reduction agency for building codes
before you build your home.

EARTHQUAKE SAFETY CHECKLIST (A)

Arrange your heavy furniture, water
tanks, and gas tank in lower ground.

EARTHQUAKE SAFETY CHECKLIST (F)

Family members should be familiar in
turning off gas tank, water valve and
electricity.

EARTHQUAKE SAFETY CHECKLIST (E)

Emergency kit should be ready,
available and functioning properly.

EARTHQUAKE SAFETY CHECKLIST (T)

Teach each member of the family
how to use the emergency
equipment.

EARTHQUAKE SAFETY CHECKLIST (Y)

You and your family must know how
to survive the earthquake.