Lab Review Test #3

- muscle innervation + action - muscle : skeletal , smooth & cardiac - nerves - rotator cuff - CNS & PNS - Somatic & Automatic/Visceral

endomysium pairs with

endomysium pairs with

myofiber / muscle cells

fasica

a thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place

Central nervous system

• Brain + spinal cord

“ Master Control”, asses info from senses generates response

Peripheral Nervous system

12 pairs - cranial nerves

31 pairs - spinal nerves

branches into somatic and visceral (autonomic)

ENS - Enteric nervous system

• specific to digestion system

• neural tissue in gastrointestinal tract

nervous system task

1. receive info

2. transmit coded messages to the spinal cord and the brain

3. process the info

4. issue commands ( brain + spinal)

somatic

skin, sensory, skeletal muscle

voluntary

motory and sensory components

Visceral / Autonomic

ex.) heartbeat , digestion, glands , respiration

Automatic involuntary

motory and sensory components

smooth muscle

• involuntary

• slowest

• spindle shape

• ex blood vessels & stomach

cardiac muscle

• Involuntary

• slow

• branched

• ex. heart

skeletal muscle

• voluntary

• fast

• multiple nucleus

• ex. tendon & bone

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

location where motor neurons control a skeletal muscle fiber

Axial Muscles

Support and position the axial skeleton

Appendicular Muscles

Support, move, and braces the limbs

Trapezius

• elevates + adducts scapula

• cervical nerves

Pectoralis Major

• Clavicle, sternum + costal cartilage of upper ribs

• Pectorals nerves

Frontalis

• wrinkles forehead / raise eyebrows

• Facial nerve

Sterocleidomastoid

• flex neck , head to shoulder

• spinal nerve

Orbicularis Oculi

• blinks + squints eyes

• facial nerve

Orbicularis Oris

• compresses the lip

• facial nerve

Masster

• Elevates mandible

• Trigeminal nerve

Zygomatic Major & Minor

• retracts and elevates corners of the mouth

Temporalis

• elevates mandible

• trigeminal nerve

Risorius

• draws mouth laterally

• facial nerve

Deltoid

• abducts , extrends , and flexes arm

• axillary nerve

Buccinator

• compresses cheeks

• facial nerve

Diaphragm

Muscular dome between thoracic and abdominal cavities

• phrenic nerve ( c3, c4, c5)

• flattens during contraction,expands thoracic cavity , and compresses abdominal viscera during inspiration

Pectoralis minor

• depresses scapula

• median pectoral

cervical plexus

c1 - c5

brachial plexus

c5 - c8 + T1

ex Radial Nerve , Axillary Nerve, Median nerve, Ulnar Nerve, & Musculocutaneous Nerve

Lumbar Plexus

T 12 & L1 - L4

ex. Femoral

plexus

a bundle of intersecting nerves

sacral plexus

L4-L5 & S1 - S4

Siatic Nerve

fibular and tibial

superior gluteal

interior gluteal

Internal Obliques

deeper than external but above transverse

• compresses abdomen , flexes, vertebral column

• intercostal

Linea Alba

a band of white fibrous tissue running down the middle of the abdominal wall from the base of the sternum to the top of the pelvis. The transverse and oblique muscles of the right and left side meet

external obliques

• compresses abdomen , flexes, vertebral column

• intercostal

Rhomboid Major

• retracts and elevates scapula

• posterior scapular nerve

Rhomboid Minor

• retracts and elevates scapula

• posterior scapular nerve

Rotator Cuff Muscles

• Subscapularis

• Infraspinatus

• Teres Minor

• Supraspinatus

Supraspinatus

• Adbucts arm

• suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus

• rotates arm laterally

• suprascapular nerve

Teres Minor

• rotates arm laterally

• axillary nerve

Teres Major

• extends , abducts, and flexes arm

• axillary arm

Subscapularis

• rotates medially

• Upper + Lower subscapular nerves

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

• flexes wrist , adducts hand

• ulnar nerve

Flexor Carpi Radialis

• flexes wrist , abducts hand

• median nerve

Palmaris Longus

• flexes wrist

• median nerve

Pronator Teres

• pronates forearm and hand

• median nerve

Brachioradialis

• flexes elbow

• radial nerve

Extensor Carpiradialis

longus + brevis

• extends wrist and abducts hand

• radial nerve

Extensor digitorum

• extends fingers

• radial nerve

Biceps Brachii

• flexes elbow and supinates forearm and hand

• musculocutaneous nerve

Tricep Brachii

• extends elbow

• radial nerve

Brachialis

• flexes elbow

• musculocutaneous nerve ; radial nerve

Coracobrachialis

• flexes and adducts the arm

• lower subscapular nerve

Transversus Abdominis

• compress abdominal contents

• spinal nerves T7 - L1

Rectus Abdominis

• Flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal contents

• Spinal nerves T6 - T12

Ilium

• Flexion and lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint.

Iliacus

• flexes thigh at hip; flexes trunk at hip (when thigh is fixed)

• femoral nerve

Piriforms

• abducts and medially rotates thigh

• spinal nerves L5 - S2

Psoas major

• flexes thigh at hip; flexes trunk at hip (when thigh is fixed)

• lumbar spinal nerves

pubis bone

• protect the intestines, bladder, and internal sex organs.

Iliopsoas

• Illiacus + Psoas Major

• Filet mignon muscle

• the primary hip flexor and assists in external rotation of the hip joint

Obturator Internus

• externally rotate the femur when the hip is extended and abduct the femur when the hip is flexed

• derived from spinal roots L5 and S1

Gluteus Medius

• abducts and medially rotates thigh

• superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus Minimus

• abducts and medially rotates thigh

• superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus Maximus

• extends thigh at hip

• inferior gluteal nerve

Quadratus Femoris

• laterally rotates thigh

• nerve to quadratus femoris

Adductor Longus

• adducts and flexes thigh

• obturator nerve

Adductor magnus

• adducts thigh; posterior portion extends thigh and anterior portion flexes thigh

• obturator nerve, tibial nerve

Gracilis

• adducts thigh and flexes leg at knee

• obtruator nerve

Satorius

• Flexes, abducts , and laterally rotates thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee

• fermoral nerve

Rectus femoris

• quads

• extends leg at knee; flexes thigh at hip

• femoral nerve

Vastus lateralis

• quads

• extends leg at knee

• femoral nerve

Vastus Intermedius

• quads

• extends leg at knee

• femoral nerve

Vastus Medialis

• quads

• extends leg at knee

• femoral nerve

Biceps Fermoris

• hamstring

• flexes at knee ; rotates leg laterally ; extends thigh

• tibial nerve ; common fibular nerve

Semitendinosus

• flexes leg at knee ; rotates leg medially ; extends thigh

• tibial nerve

Semimembranosus

• flexes leg at knee ; rotates leg medially ; extends thigh

• tibial nerve

Tensor Fasciae Latae

• flexion, abduction, and internal rotation

• superior gluteal nerve, L4, L5, and S1

Pes Anserinus

• obturator nerve

• acts as a secondary valgus restraint augmenting the medial supporting structures of the knee

calcaneal tendon

comes off the gastrocnemius

What makes the Pes Anserius

• goose foot

conjoined tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles

Illiotibial Tract

• helps to maintain the body in an upright position

• shares innervation with the tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus muscles, the superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) and the inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2).

Tibial Anterior

• Dorsiflexion + inversion of foot

• Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Popliteal Fossa

• lateral rotation of the femur or medial rotation of the tibia

• tibial nerves (L4, 5 and S1).

• The borders of the popliteal fossa are formed by the muscles of the thigh and leg.

Extensor Digitorim

• extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexion

• deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Peroneus Longus

• superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve (L5, S1)

• tilt the sole of the foot away from the midline of the body (eversion) and to extend the foot downward away from the body (plantar flexion) at the ankle.

Patellar Ligament

an epiphyseal ligament and is part of the extensor complex of the knee

Extensor Retinaculum of foot

• anterior tibial vessels ; deep peroneal nerve

• binds down the tendons of extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius, and tibialis anterior

Soleus

• plantar flexion of the foot

• tibial nerve

Tricep surae

• perform plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint, allowing the heel to elevate against gravity

• tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2.

What makes up the borders of the Anticubidal Fossa?

1. Brachioradialis “laterally”

2. Pronator Teres “medially”

3. Epicondyles of the humerous

What do flexors do?

any of the muscles that decrease the angle between bones on two sides of a joint, as in bending the elbow or knee.

What do extensor do?

any of the muscles that increase the angle between members of a limb, as by straightening the elbow or knee or bending the wrist or spine backward

#20 is ….

D

Longest Muscle

Sartorius

Axon terminal

synaptic terminal of motor neuron

Synaptic knob

Swollen end of a nerve fiber, has vesicles with ACH

(ACH) Acetylcholine

important neurotransmitter that plays a role in brain functions, such as memory, and body functions, such as muscle contractions to move your muscles