Unit 3- Biology

What is the defining feature of an angiosperm plant?

Flower

Structure that releases pollen

stamen

What is the defining feature of an angiosperm plant?

Flower

Structure that releases pollen

stamen

when pollen grains land on a tube called the ____, sperm from the pollen travels into the ovary

stigma

Inside the ovary, sperm will fuse with an ____ and become an embryo

egg

The embryo will develop a tough outer layer and form a ____

seed

A ____ develops from the thickened ovary tissue surrounding the seed, which can attract animals to eat it

fruit

If a flower was never fertilized by pollen, what structure would not develop?

embryo

What is the most recent common ancestor of fungi and animals?

a protist

What is a major role that fungi play in ecosystems?

Synthesizing glucose from carbon dioxide and water

—Recycling nutrients from dead organisms back into the food chain

Fixing carbon from the atmosphere

Decontaminating wastewater

Fungi are multicellular decomposers that obtain nutrients by ___________

extracellular digestion

Fungi are made of bundles of threadlike ________.

hyphae

The edible portion of the mushroom is the ________.

above ground reproductive structure

What is the primary component of fungal cell walls?

chitin

If a fungicide was applied near a plant, how might it kill the plant?

By killing the fungus associated with the plant’s roots

What does the vascular system do in plants?

It allows for the transport of water, sugar and minerals.

What are some challenges land plants face compared to life in the water?

Obtaining resources from the air and soil instead of from water

Obtaining and retaining moisture

Staying upright against the pull of gravity

—All of the above are challenges faced by land plants.

If the phloem in a tree trunk were to become blocked, how would this affect the plant?

sugars could not be transported from leaves to roots

What is xylem?

Xylem is a plant tissue responsible for transport of water and dissolved minerals.

The vascular tissue system of a plant _________________.

provides a system for transport of water, dissolved minerals, and sugars

Which of the following plant adaptations is shared by seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Vascular tissue

Which of the following is the most recent plant adaptation to have evolved?

flowers

Non vascular plant

bryophyte

moss

seedless vascular plant

fern

Gymnosperm

• conifer

• pine tree

Not a plant

charophyte algae

Which of the following options lists the correct sequence of the appearance of the four major groups of plants in the fossil record, from most ancestral to most recent?

bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms

Which of the following evolutionary adaptations contributed to the ability of bryophytes to colonize land?

waxy cuticle

What is the function of vascular tissue in plants?

to conduct water and nutrients throughout the plant

The main evolutionary advantage of pollen is ______________.

the ability to transport male gametes without water

Which of the following is an example of an angiosperm?

oak tree

Why must mosses live in moist environments?

because they depend on water to reproduce

Which types of plants contain vascular tissues?

All plants except bryophytes contain vascular tissues.

Ferns are independent of water for reproduction.

False

Not all plants have seeds. What main advantage do seeds provide a plant?

seeds allow plants to be independent of water for reproduction

Why do pine trees have two different types of cones?

One type produces ovules, the other type produces pollen.

What plant group has the largest number of living species?

Flowering plants

The most important adaptation that differentiates angiosperms from other types of plants is their __________.

flowers

The male part of the flower is the ________.

stamen

What is the main purpose of flowers?

To attract pollinators

What is the reproductive organ of angiosperms?

Flowers

What structure of angiosperms attracts animals as a way to disperse seeds?

Fruit

• All animals except sponges have ____ groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function

• 2. All animals are _____, organisms with cells that are relatively large, complex, and contain membrane-enclosed organelles such as the nucleus

• 3. All animals eat other organisms in order to gain building materials for the body. This makes them ______, since they obtain necessary energy and chemical building blocks from the environment

• 4. Cnidarians are the only animal phylum to display _____, meaning that their bodies can be divided any way through the center point to yield two even halves.All other adult animals display _____, meaning that their bodies can only be sliced lengthwise through the midline to produce two even halves

• 5. One key adaptation of animals was the evolution of a(n) _____ a fluid-filled gap between the outer wall of the body and the outer wall of the digestive system.

• tissues

• eukaryotes

• heterotrophs

• radial symmetry

• bilateral symmetry

• body cavity

Being a heterotroph means ________.

obtaining your food by eating other organisms

Which specialized structures are unique to the cnidarians?

stinging cells

Which of the following best describes mollusks?

They are bilaterally symmetrical and have a soft body sometimes covered with a shell.

Which group of mollusks has members with complex brains, intricate sensory organs, and elaborate behaviors?

Arachnids

Which of the following is a key characteristic of all vertebrates?

skull and backbone

Which group of fishes evolved first (in other words, is most ancient)?

jawless fishes

What is an amniotic egg?

A type of egg that amphibians have

A type of egg that all reptiles share

A type of egg that contains a fluid to provide an aquatic habitat for the embryo to develop

—Both B and C are correct

What is the main difference between amphibians and reptiles?

Amphibians are tied to water for reproduction, while reptiles have amniotic eggs that can survive on dry land.

Which of the following is a key feature of primates?

They have a brain that is large in relation to their body.

Which statement is most accurate when describing human evolution?

Humans share a common ancestor with chimpanzees

Water vascular system- echinoderm

a network of water filled canals that allows the animal to exchange gases with the environment

mouth- enhinoderm

used of capturing and eating prey

Endoskeleton- echinoderm

a calcium hardened internal skeleton that provides structure

tube feet- echinoderm

extensions of the water-filled canal that allow for movement and capturing of prey

Which of the following examples indicates the level of the best method for protecting biodiversity in the species-rich regions referred to as hot spots?

The populations of all species and the abiotic components of the environment in the savanna.

Ecology is best defined as the study of ________.

the interactions between living organisms and their environments

Which of the following studies would be classified as “hypothesis-driven science”?

Since plants depend on sunlight for photosynthesis, a study is conducted to determine if limiting sunlight slows below-ground (root) growth in sugar cane.

What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem?

A community includes interacting populations without their surrounding environment, while an ecosystem includes the surrounding environment

A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The wolf is a(n) ________.

consumer

the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

Ecology

factors are nonliving factors that make up an environment.

Abiotic

factors are living factors that make up an environment.

Biotic

is an individual living thing, such as a plant, an animal, or a bacterium.

Organism

is a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area.

Population

consists of all of the organisms that live in the same area at the same time.

community

consists of all of the abiotic and biotic factors in an area.

ecosystem

Which of the following correctly ranks the levels of ecological hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive? 

--Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere

Organism, Community, Population, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere

Community, Population, Ecosystem, Organism, Biosphere, Biome

Community, Organism, Population, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere

Biosphere, Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism

A group of snails (of the same species) lives in a garden that also includes beetles and tomato plants. What level(s) of ecological organization does the group of snails belong to?

• population

• community

• ecosystem

An ecologist is studying the diet of a group of desert-dwelling scorpions, which have many types of potential prey (insects, small mammals, etc.). She tracks the scorpions to see how much they eat of each prey species.

What level of ecological organization is she studying?

Community

• Most ecosystems on earth are powered by ____energy, which drives photosynthesis in plants and algae

• 2. ____ are elements required for growth and can affect the ability of an ecosystem to sustain life

• 3. ____ can be important in shaping terrestrial ecosystems by allowing animals to cool and even influencing the way plants grow

• 4. In prairie grasslands, periodic ____ is an important disturbance, allowing for certain plants to be triggered to grow

• 5. _____ limits the distribution of organisms that can survive in a given habitat based on how hot or cold it gets

• 6. _____ is essential to life because it makes up the majority of all cells.

1. solar

2. nutrients

3. wind

4. fire

5. temperature

6. water

The number of emperor penguins living in 10 square kilometers in Antarctica refers to _______________.

population density

positive effect on species 1, negative on species 2

herbivory

negative effect on species 1, and 2

competition

positive effect on species 1 and 2

mutualism

positive effect on species 1, negative on species 2

parasitism

postive on species 1 and negative on species 2

predation

Cheetahs are specialized hunters that stalk Thompson gazelles. This is an example of a ________ relationship.

predator-prey

The tendency of toxins to accumulate in top predators is called biological ________.

magnification

Seed banks are centers that maintain a collection of seeds from a large number of varieties of many crop plant species.
What is the primary value of a seed bank?

Seeds stored in a bank can be used to ensure genetic biodiversity of crop plants.

At what level is biodiversity often studied and measured?

The diversity of ecosystems on the planet

The diversity of species in a community

The diversity of genes in a population

-All of the above

The distribution of terrestrial biomes on Earth depends mostly on _______

both temperature and rainfall

Aquatic biomes are defined primarily by _____

their salinity

All ecosystems need energy. What is the originating source for most of the energy that powers ecosystems on this planet?

Solar energy

What category describes a species that, while not presently at risk of extinction, could likely be at risk of extinction in the near future?

A threatened species

Certain fungi have been used in recent years to help clean up and detoxify the environment following an oil spill.
What type of restoration ecology does this process exemplify?

Bioremediation

How does an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases increase global temperatures?

By preventing some of the heat from escaping the planet's surface