Social Studies 9-Phase II and Phase III of French Revolution

What was the reaction in France to the Moderate Phase?

• Counter-Revolutionary movement in some areas of France

• Loyal to the monarchy and Catholic church

What was the Reaction in Europe to the Moderate Phase?

• Europe monarchies feared the Revolution spreading

• France declared war on Austria with Prussia joining

• Brunswick Manifesto threatened to destroy Paris is ROyals were harmed

Who were leaders in the Montagnards?

• Maximilien Robespierre

• Georges Danton

• Jean Paul Marat

• Supported by the Sans Culottes

• Radicals Violent

Who were key people of the Girodins?

• Madame Roland

• Charlotte Corday

• Middle Class

• Moderate revolutionaries

Jacobins take control.

• Firstly Girondins were a larger more powerful group, Jacobins took power

• September 1792 established National Convention replacing the Legislative Assembly

• Constitutional monarchy abolished

• France becomes a republic with all men permitted to vote

January 1793

• King Louis XVI now “Citizen Louis Capet”

• Tried for treason and executed by guillotine on January 21 1793

Influential Leaders of the Jacobins (Montagnards)

• Maximilien Robespierre was active leader in Jacobins but becoming more and more radical

• Georges Danton: Active leader in Jacobins but looses his seat in the comittee of Public Safety

• Jean Paul Marat: distributing accusatory and false pamphlets

Committee of Public Safety.

• Created by the national convention to protect the republic of France from foreign and domestic enemies

• War time provisional government

• By July 1793 Robespierre was the leader

• Committee passes two important powers: Decree against profiteers, Law of Suspects

Reign of Terror Motto?

• Terror is the order of the day

How did the Reign of Terror Start

• Started in September 1793 and ended in July 1794

• Marie Antoinette guilty of Treason

• Executed by guillotine on October 16, 1793

• Political atmosphere became paranoid+violent

• People turned against eachother

• Robespierre questioning revolutionaries

• Danton called for end of the Terror (arrested+found guilty of corruption and conspiracy)

• Danton executed on April 5, 1794

What did the Reign of Terror Bring?

• Brought: economic change (price control), de-christianization (caldendar changed to 10 days with no Sunday), church+cathedrals looted, Executions of “enemies” with no right to tria

What happened in the Reign of Terror When Robespierre became extreme?

• Robspierre became more extreme becoming cult of supreme being

• Had a list of enemies at a government session to be executed

• On July 27, 1794 Robespierre was arrested and executed day later

• Reign of terror ended with 40, 000 dead + 17000 executed by guillotine with 80% being 3rd Estate

What happens after Robespierre is executed?

• France looks to moderation (opening churches, closing the Jacobin clubs, signing a new constitution)

• The directory is formed in 1795 to govern France but is a weak government

Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?

• Low level military leader who moved up the ranks after he won important victories

How did Napoleon become ruler?

• In November 1799, he overthrew the directory in a coup d’etat (Illegal quick overthrow of government

• In 1804 he crowned himself emperor

• Had unlimited power, censored newspapers, imprisoned political rivals, slavery reintroduced

What were important changes that Napolean made?

• Napoleonic Code-civil laws that are the basis of France

• Provided Education-opened public schools

• Bank of France-centralized (authority in one place, metric system)

• Judicial System-trials, right to an attourney

What were some Napoleonic Wars?

• continuation of the wars of the French Revolution

• French domination of Europe

What happened in the downfall of napoleon?

• 1812 invasion of Russia

• Russia performed “scorch and burn”

• Paired along with harsh winters, became deadly

• 1815 lost the Battle of Waterloo which he lost to allied forces of Britain and Prussia

• Eventually Napolean is exiled to Saint Helena