GEO F24

Leisure

Activities or experiences that individuals voluntarily engage in during their free time, which are chosen for enjoyment, relaxation, or personal fulfillment, free from work obligations.

Sport

Structured physical activities characterized by competition and rules, often involving teams or individual athletes, and can be contested at local, national, and international levels.

Movie Location Tourism

A form of tourism that attracts visitors to sites featured in films, television shows, or videos.

Diaspora

Communities of individuals living outside their homeland, maintaining cultural ties and connections to their place of origin, and often making temporary visits back to their roots.

Threshold

The minimum number of customers required for a service to function sustainably

Range

The maximum distance individuals are willing to travel to participate in a leisure activity or to use a service

Leakage

The loss of potential income to the local economy when tourists spend money on services and goods provided by businesses that are not locally owned

Multiplier Effect

The economic phenomenon whereby income earned by local residents from tourism and related activities circulates through the local economy, leading to further economic growth and job creation.

Perceptual Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of tourists a destination can accommodate before the perceived quality of the experience declines

Mass Tourism

A type of tourism characterized by large numbers of travelers participating in packaged tours or organized trips, often leading to overcrowded destinations and strain on local resources.

Disaster

A significant and disruptive event, natural or human-made, that results in severe damage, requiring immediate external assistance to help affected communities recover.

Subduction

The geological process in which a denser oceanic tectonic plate moves under a less dense continental plate, often leading to volcanic activity and the formation of mountain ranges.

Mass Movement

The rapid descent of soil, rock, or debris down a slope, driven by gravity; often resulting from weather patterns or seismic activity.

Supervolcano

A type of volcano capable of producing exceptionally large and rare eruptions, classified with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 8, which can have catastrophic global effects.

Composite Volcano

A large, steep-sided volcano built up by layers of lava flows and volcanic ash, frequently associated with startling explosive eruptions.

Shear Strength

The capacity of materials to resist sliding or deformation when influenced by external forces; crucial in understanding soil and rock stability.

Shear Stress

The force per unit area acting parallel to a material’s surface, which can cause bending or sliding when it exceeds the material's strength.

Natural Hazard

A natural event or phenomenon, such as earthquakes, floods, or hurricanes, that poses a risk to human life, property, and the environment.

Mitigation

Strategies and actions taken to lessen the negative impacts of disasters, focusing on reducing risks and enhancing community resilience.

Preparedness

The proactive planning and training designed to equip communities and individuals to effectively respond to potential hazards and reduce vulnerabilities.

Response

The immediate actions taken to protect lives and property in the aftermath of a disaster, including emergency services and disaster relief efforts.

Recovery

The long-term process of rebuilding and restoring communities after a disaster, focusing on returning to normalcy and enhancing resilience against future events.

Climate Change

Long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns, driven primarily by human activities, which can exacerbate the intensity and frequency of natural hazards.

Resilience

The capacity of individuals, communities, and systems to prepare for, respond to, and recover from adverse events, adapting to changing conditions effectively.

Flooding

The overflow of water onto normally dry land, often caused by heavy rainfall or snowmelt, leading to significant damage to property and ecosystems.

Landslide

The rapid and often destructive movement of earth or rock down a slope, typically triggered by excessive rainfall or seismic activities.

Drought

An extended period of abnormally low rainfall, resulting in water shortages that affect agriculture, drinking water supply, and ecosystems.

Recreation

A leisure time activity undertaken voluntarily and for enjoyment, including individual pursuits and non-paid sports.

Tourism

Travel away from home for at least one night for the purpose of leisure.

Adventure Tourism

A type of tourism involving travel to remote or exotic locations to take part in physically challenging activities.

Heritage Tourism

Travel to experience places, artifacts, and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past and present.

Ecotourism

A sustainable form of tourism focused on preserving the environment and building awareness while providing financial benefits to local communities.

Diaspora Tourism

Tourism involving people who return to their homelands for a temporary amount of time, often seeking traditional elements of their culture.

Physical factors (tourism)

Factors such as terrain and climate influencing tourism and leisure activities.

Political factors (tourism)

Government support of infrastructure and facilities affecting tourism and leisure.

Cultural factors (tourism)

What a society emphasizes or values can influence tourism and leisure activities.

Spearman’s Rank

A statistical method to assess the strength of association between two ranked variables.

Butler’s Model of Tourist Areas

A model illustrating the stages of tourism development from exploration to rejuvenation.

Primary Tourist Resources

Pre-existing attractions for tourism or recreation, not specifically built for tourism, including natural landscapes, cultural sites, and environmental characteristics

Secondary Tourist Resources

Facilities and services developed specifically to support tourism, such as accommodations and entertainment.

Spheres of Influence

The area that people travel from to use a service, influenced by concepts of threshold and range.

Sustainable Tourism

Tourism that conserves primary tourist resources and supports the livelihoods of local people.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of visitors a site can accommodate without degrading the experience or environment.

Olympics

An international sporting event held every four years, featuring summer and winter competitions.

Paralympics

An international event for athletes with disabilities, held shortly after the Olympic Games.

World Games

An international multi-sport event comprising sports not contested in the Olympic Games.

Cohen’s Classification of Tourists

A framework that categorizes tourists based on their motivation and behavior.

Demonstration Effect

The phenomenon where local residents adopt behaviors and consumption patterns observed from tourists.

Family Life Cycle

The stages individuals go through in life which influence their economic behavior and leisure spending.

Hazard

A threat that has the potential to cause loss of life, injury, property damage, socio-economic disruption, or environmental degradation.

Hazard Event

The occurrence (realization) of a hazard, causing changes in demographic, economic, and/or environmental conditions.

Vulnerability

Geographic conditions that increase the susceptibility of a community to a hazard or the impacts of a hazard event.

Risk

The probability of a hazard event causing harmful consequences, expressed in terms of expected losses.

Magnitude (in hazards)

The size of the event.

Frequency (in hazards)

How often an event of a certain size occurs.

Secondary Damage

Consequences that occur after the initial impact of a disaster, including long-term effects.

Recurrence interval

The expected frequency of occurrence in years for an event of a particular size.

Tsunami

A long, high sea wave caused by an earthquake, landslide, or other disturbance.

Seismograph

A scientific instrument used to detect and measure earthquakes.

Earthquake

A sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by movements within the Earth's crust.

Lahar

A violent type of mudflow full of pyroclastic material, rocks, debris, and water which forms from a volcanic eruption.

El Niño

Warming of the Eastern Pacific ocean waters, occurring at intervals and causing drought conditions.

La Niña

Strengthening of normal oceanic currents in the Pacific Ocean leading to increased rainfall patterns.

Shield Volcano

A volcano with gentle slopes formed from non-explosive eruptions of low-viscosity basaltic lava.

Hazard Management

Methods of managing the consequences of a hazard through mitigation strategies.

Pyroclastic Flow

A fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that is one of the deadliest volcanic hazards.

Funnel Cloud

A rapidly rotating funnel shaped cloud that does not become a tornado until it touches the ground.

Focus (of an earthquake)

The point within the Earth's crust where seismic energy is first released.

Epicenter

The point on Earth's surface directly above where the seismic rupture begins inside Earth.

Cinder Cone Volcano

A small, steep-sided volcano formed from volcanic debris ejected during explosive eruptions.