Health Lifestyle and Non communicable diseases

Autoimmune disease defi

Occurs when the bodys immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissue

Inherited Vulnerability

A genetic predisposition to develop a specific condition such as disease, disorder or trait due to genetic variations passed down from parents to offspring.

Non-communicable disease

A long lasting non infections health conditions that cannot be spread from a person to person. Can be from genetic and life style ex. diabetes

Acute illness defi

Medical condition with a rapid consent and relatively short duration, typically resolving within a month or a few months either on its own or with treatment. 

Chronic illness defi

Long-term health condition, not always curable

May involve regular doc visits

Ex: Heart disease, diabetes, cancer

Disability defi

A physical or mental condition that limits a persons movement, senses or activities 

Arthiritis defi

A group of conditions that cause information and damage to joints. It affects the cartilage, the smooth tissue that covers the ends of benes allow them to switch them to glide over each other

Asthma defi

Chronic inflammatory condition of the airways that causes variable and recurring symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, cough, chest tightness 

Allergies defi

An over reaction of the immune system to normally harmless substance called an allergen, leading to an immune responses that can cause a range of symptoms

Lifestyle diseases defi

Chronic conditions that develop over time due to unhealthy lifestyle choices, often preventable and controllable in diet, excercise

Risk factor defi

A condition, attribute or behavior that increases probablity of a harmful event, such as disease, injury or negative outcome.

Ex: smoking is a health risk factor for lung cancer 

Sedentary Lifestyle defi

A pattern of behavior characterized by prolonged periods of inactivity with minimal physical movement.

Typically involves spending significant amounts of sitting, laying down.

Prevention defi

The action of stopping something from happening

Protective factors defi 

Positive characteristics or conditions within individuals families and communities that reduce the likelihood of negative outcomes. 

Early detection defi

Identifying a disease, like cancer or a health problem in its initial stages, often before symptoms appear

Screening defi

Identifying something in body or health from a screen

Stress management 

The techniques and strategies used to reduce or cope with stress

Sedentary Lifestyle 

A pattern of behavior characterized by prolonged periods of sitting or lying down with minimal physical activity

What does it mean that diabetes is an insulin related illness?

It involves the body’s inability to properly make or use hormone insulin. Which is necessary for cells to get energy from glucose (BLOOD SUGAR)

Percent of U.S. cases are type 1 diabetes:

5-10%

What causes type 1 diabetes? 

Genetics 

What are symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes?

Excessive thirst, frequent urination, hunger, weight loss

Type 1 diabetes is called?

Autoimmune diabetes because its caused by the body’s immune system

Type 2 diabetes is called?

Non insulin dependent diabetes because it was believed that people with the condition do not need insulin to survive.

What causes type 2 diabeties? 

Life style habitis

What are symptoms of Type 2 diabeties?

Increased thirst, frequient urination, hunger

What racial/ethnic groups are more at risk?

American indian etc

What problems can happen if diabetes is not managed?

Heart disease, stroke, nerve damage, kidney disease

What is atheroscleroseis?

Thickining or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plague in the inner lining of an artery.

What is a stroke?

Medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted

What Is considered high blood pressure? What is Normal?

Less than 120/80 mmHg

Another name for high blood pressure?

Hypertension

What is congenital heart disease?

A group of structural defects in the heart that are present from birth

What is congestive heart failure? 

A condition where the heartt does not function properly from birth due to structural abnormalities in the heart 

What is arrhythmia?

A condition where the hearts rythm is irregular or abnormal

What is a heart attack?

Occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked

What is cholesterol?

A waxy substance found in the body that is essential for many functions but high levels can increase risk of heart disease and stroke

LDL:

A type of cholesterol that transports chloestrol from the liver to the arteries

HDL:

A type of cholesterol that transports chloestrial from the arteris back to the liver for removal.

What causes high cholsteral? 

Unhealthy diet in saturated and transfat lacks of physical activity, smoking etc 

Symptoms of high cholesterol?

Chest pain, shortness of breath, stroke

Foods that contain cholesterol?

Eggs, meat (processed meat), dairy products, seafood

How can cholesterol be treated?

Life style changes or medications 

Complications from high cholesterol:

High blood pressure, kidney disease

What makes someone more likely to develop high cholesterol?

Hypercholesterolmia

What causes a stroke?

Blood flow to the brain is interrupted causing brain cells to die.

What is the treatment of a stroke?

Oxygen therapy rehabilitation

What does FAST stand for?

F-Face

A-Arms

S-speech

T-Time

What is a heart attack? 

Occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked 

What causes a heart attack?

When blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced or blocked

What are the symptoms of a male heart attack?

Chest pain, shortness of breath

What are the symptoms of a female heart attack?

Chest pain or discomfort, pain in the arms back, neck, shortness of breath

What is the treatments for heart attack?

Medication

What are the statistics on how often there are heart attacks in u.s.

805,000

What is cancer?

Group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and spread

What is a tumor 

An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cell growth and divide uncontrollably 

Define malignant

Dangerous, harmful, tending to cause death

Define benign

Not harmful in effect

What is metastasis?

The development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer

What are risk factors for cancer?

Smoking, alc, physical inactivity, obesity, poor diet, sun

What are the 4 stages of cancer

Stage 0: Abmormal cells are present but have no spread to other tissues

Stage 1: The cancer is confined to the original site and has not spread to near lymph nodes

Stage 2: the cancer has grown larger or spread to nearby lymph nodes

Stage 3: The cancer has spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes beyond original site

Stage 4: The cancer has spread distant parts of the body

What is biopsy?

Medical procedure where a small sample of tissue or cells is removed from the body for examination under a microscope

What is obesity?

Chronic condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation that can negatively impact health

How is obesity measured?

Body mass index 

Name 2 health risks linked to obesity:

Heart disease and type 2 diabetes

List at least 3 possible causes of obesity

Unhealthty eating habits, lack of phsyical activity, genetics

How can lifestyle choices help prevent or reduce obesity?

Eating a healthy, balanced diet high in whole foods engaging in physical activity, quality time, managining stress

What are some complications that can happen when obesity is not managed?

Type 2 diabeties, heart disease

Why is childhood obesity a concern?

Significant consequences physical, mental, social well being