APUSH American Pageant Chapter 3 Part 2 (3.8-3.19)

Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation

Protested against Catholic doctrines and authority, creating newer religious devotions

What did Martin Luther believe?

Bible alone is God’s true word

John Calvin’s Calvinism

Dominant in New England Puritans and other settlers

God is all powerful and humans are weak with original sin

Predestination (Calvinist belief)

Some souls (elect) are meant for eternal bliss, some souls are not

Conversion (Calvinism)

Personal revelation of heavenly destiny, sanctified lives

How did King Henry VIII contribute to English Reformation?

Broke ties with the Roman Catholics, became head of church

What was the Puritan motive of reformation?

De-Catholicizing the church and purifying english christianity

Who did Puritans believe should be church members?

Only saints who showed signs of grace

Separatists

A type of Puritan who broke away from the Anglican Church entirely to form something new

What did King James I think of Separatists

Disapproved, said if they defied the Anglican Church they would defy the government

Why did Separatists go to Holland?

They faced harassment and wrath from the royals

Why did the Separatists leave Holland?

Didn’t want their children to be Dutchified and seeked Protestant haven

Mayflower’s original vs actual destination

Allowed to settle in Virginia by the Virginia Company, but they accidentally landed in Plymouth Bay

Mayflower Compact

Created a self-government where the people voted on decisions, influenced modern democracy

How did the Plymouth Colony manage economically?

Fur, fish, lumber “beaver and the bible”

William Bradford

Cultured and self-taught scholar who was elected Governor 30 times and feared non Puritan corruption

What happened to Plymouth Colony

Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony, still charterless

Formation of Massachusetts Bay Colony

Secured royal charter to form this and feared for faith and England’s future

Used charter to stay away from royal reach and Con

What did Archbishop Laud think of the Bay Colony Puritans?

Considered them “swine” due to impurities

How was Massachusetts Bay Colony initally?

Largest English settlement initially with 1000 immigrants

Great English Migration

Mass emigration of Puritans to North America due to persecution from King Charles, many went to West Indies rather than Massachusetts

What did John Winthrop do in Massachusetts Bay?

First governor who believed in a calling to lead a new religious experiment

What did Winthrop want Massachusetts Bay to be?

“City upon a hill” holy society for humankind

Who was able to participate in Massachusetts Bay?

Freemen, adult male Puritan church members and formed Congregational Church

What did Winthrop view democracy as?

Viewed it as worst government because of his distrust in “commons”

How did religious leaders influence Massachusetts

Enforced God’s laws and conducted conversion interrogations

How were there limits on governmental power?

Congregations could hire/fire ministers, clergy not allowed in political office

What was the Protestant ethic in Puritans?

Serious commitment to work and engagement in pursuits believing in a calling

Blue laws

Prohibits ungodly revelry, plays, games and prevents laughter

How did Anne Hutchinson challenge Puritan beliefs?

Antinomianism: Holy life isn’t required to be saved, truly saved didn’t need to obey law

What happened to Anne Hutchinson

Banned for heresy, claimed direct revelation from God

Roger Williams’ ideas

Extreme Separatist who challenged charter legality, and denied civil government religious authority

What happened to Roger Williams’ 

Banished for disseminating dangerous opinions and challenging authority

Roger Williams’ Rhode Island

First Baptist church, complete freedom of religion, and no state church taxes.

Independent, individual, and liberal

What did Puritan clergy think of Rhode Island?

Thought it was a sewer of Lord’s debris “Rogue Island”

What were the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Trailblazing document that had modern constitution and controlled by substantial citizens

Why did New Haven merge with Connecticut

Disfavor with Charles II for sheltering regicides

Maine’s absorption by Massachusetts

Purchased from Gorges heirs and remained part of Massachusetts for 150 years

Why was New Hampshire separated from Massachusetts

King was getting irritated, and became a royal colony away from greedy Massachusetts

What did Charles also do to get back at Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Revoked their charter and gave to rivals Rhode Island and Connecticut

What did the epidemic do on New England Indians?

Killed over ¾ of coastal tribes and cleared lands

Pequot War outcome

Brutal finish and annihilation of Pequot, 40 years of uneasy peace

Why did the Metacom war happen?

Metacom formed pan-Indian alliance against English colonizers

What happened due to King Phillip’s war

Slowed English settlements and lasting defeat of New England Indians

New England Confederation’s purpose

An alliance against Indians, French, and Dutch for intercolonial cooperation