Adolescent Psychology test 1

Who believed that reasoning appeared first during adolescence?

Plato

Who thought that adolescents should study science?

Plato 

According to Aristotle, what is the most important aspect of adolescence?

the ability to choose, and that self- determination is a hallmark of maturity 

Who believed that curiosity should be especially encouraged in the education of 12- to 15-year-old children?

Rousseau 

What was G. Stanley Hall’s suggested view of adolescence?

Development is controlled primarily by biological factors. Storm and stress is his concept that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings. 

What basic nature of adolescence did Margaret Mead conclude?

 It is not biological but sociocultural

How was adolescence viewed in “the innovationist view”?

adolescnece is a sociohistorical creation. Important that the sociohistorical circumstances at the beginning of the twentieth century. 

What does “adolescent generalization gap” refer to?

The period between 1890 and 1920 saw laws passed laws that excluded youth from most employment and required them to attend secondary school.

Name the “Five Cs” associated with positive youth development. 

 Competence, Confidence, Connection, Character, Caring/ Compassion 

What are the 5 parts listed in the biological process?

Genes inherited from parents, the development of the brain, height and weight gains, Advances in motor skills, and Hormonal changes of puberty 

 What are the stages of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Oral stage, Anal stage, Phallic stage, Latency stage, Genital stage 

Who believed that we develop in psychosocial stages?

Erikson 

When does Erikson’s trust verses mistrust stage occur?

(Infancy first year) Last, after autonomy vs. shame and doubt it sets the stage for a lifelong expectation that the world will be a good and pleasant place to live 

What is Piaget two processes that underlie cognitive construction of the world?

 organization and adaptation 

What did Vygotsky emphasize as the roles in cognitive development

culture and social interaction 

Is Social Cognitive Theory or Sociocultural Cognitive Theory a version of behaviorism? 

 yes they emphasize scientific research and environmental determinants of behavior 

Who thought adolescence dealt with a lot of conflict and stress for the family

G Standley Hall

What is a phrase example of a stereotype?

“They have it too easy.”

What are the developmental periods of childhood?

18-25 years old 

Which period would a person be in if they are interested in deciding on a future career?

Felling in-between, the age of possibilities 

What is resilience? 

refers to adapting positively and achieving successful outcomes in the face of significant risks and adverse circumstances. 

Which process involves changes in an individual’s thinking and intelligence? 

Cognitive changes 

What happens in the socioemotional progress? 

Quest for independence, Increased conflict with parents, desire to spend more time with peers 

What is the nature-nurture issue?

Involves the debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature (biological inheritance) or nurture (environmental experiences)

Explain the survey and interview method for collecting data. 

The best and quickest way to get information about adolescents is to ask them for it. 

What is culture?

  behavior, patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a specific group of people that are passed on from generation to generation

What is cross-cultural?

method using data from different societies to compare behavior across

social groups.

What is rites of passage?

 ceremonies or rituals that mark an individual’s transition from one status to another, such as the entry into adulthood.

What is SES?

refers to a grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.

What SES does working class fall under?

Low- income

How is middle SES category described?

middle-income, white- collar 

What careers are considered in the low SES category? 

factory worker, manual laborer, maintenance worker 

What careers are considered in the upper SES category?

Professionals at the highpoint of the field, political leaders, and wealthy individuals 

What are SES variations in childhood and adolescence linked to

adult outcomes 

Who is more likely to have lower achievement test scores, lower rates of graduation, and fewer opportunities to attend college?

 schools in the low SES areas

Schools in the lower SES areas are likely to have more students with

low achievement test scores

What does feminization of poverty refer to

The fact that far more women than men live in poverty 

What is ethnicity

 based on cultural heritage, nationality, characteristics, race, religion, and language.

What is the definition of immigrant families?

those in which at least one of the parents was born outside the country of residence.

What is racism?

discrimination, prejudice, or antagonism against a person or people based on their racial or ethnic group.

What has a negative influence on children and adolescence by making them passive learners? 

screen time 

What portable electronic devices do adolescents us that is driving the increase in media?

cell phones or smartphones 

What percentage of adolescents reports using social media to connect with offline friends every year? 

90 percent 

What are the problems associated with physical health problems?

 substance use, insufficient sleep, and eating disorders 

What do adolescents think can happen to the information they place on social media?

It is private

What are the problems associated with physical health problems?

substance use, insufficient sleep, and eating disorders 

Do majority of adolescents report that social media is a negative or positive influence?

a positive influence 

How does the exposure of media that conveys messages shape adolescents?

judgments and behavior 

What was the seriousness of criminal acts performed in adulthood the cause of? 

The amount of violence viewed on TV at age 8 

What is the core of computer-mediated communication?

 the internet