chap 1 java

hardware, software

a computer include both _____ and ______

CPU, main memory, secondary storage devices, input and output devices

5 major hardware components

CPU

brain of the computer

control unit and arithmetic and logic unit

What does the CPU consist of?

switches

Today’s CPUs are built on small silicon semiconductor chips that contain millions of tiny electric ___________.

bits, binary digits

1s and 0s of switches are called _____.

minimum

A byte is the _____ storage unit.

8

How many bits is a byte composed of?

main memory

used to store data and program instructions for CPU to execute

unique address

used to locate the byte for storing and retrieving the data; every byte in the memory has one

keyboards and mice

What are the most common input devices?

monitors and printers

What are the most common output devices?

flash drives, magnetic disk drives, optical disk drives

Three main types of secondary storage devices

Machine language

set of primitive instructions built into every computer; 1s and 0s

programming languages

programs are written using

binary code

the instructions of machine language are in the form

assembly language

was developed to make programming easy; includes symbols

assembler

used to convert assembly language programs into machine code

high-level language

English-like and easy to learn and program

source programming code

A program written in a high-level language is called a _______________________.

machine code

A source program must be translated into ____________________ for execution.

interpreter, compiler

The translation can be done using an ___________ or ____________.

one statement

An interpreter reads __________________ from the source code, translates it to the machine code, and then executes it right away.

entire source

A compiler translates the ________________________ into a machine-code file, and the machine-code file is then executed; translates a program in high-level language into machine language code

byte code

The Java compiler translates a Java source file into a file that contains _____________ instructions.

Java virtual machine

Byte code instructions are the machine language of the __________.

Java

a powerful and versatile programming language that enables users to develop and deploy applications on the Internet for servers, desktop computers, and mobile devices

applications and applets

Java programs can be of two types:

main

In order to run a class, the class must contain a method named ______.

main method

the program is executed from the _______.

entry point

The main method is the ________________ where the program begins execution

statement

A ______________ represents an action or a sequence of actions.

;

statement terminator in Java

key words, reserved words

words that have a specific meaning to the compiler and cannot be used for other purposes in the program

operators

symbols or words that perform operations on one of more operands

operand

usually an item of data, such as a #

=

assignment operator

()

overrides order of precedence

result

The word ____________ is a program-defined name, it is a variable made up by the programmer to store the value.

//

single line comments

/* and */

multi line comments begin with _____ and end with _____.

{}

A pair of ____________ in a program forms a block that groups components of a program.

block

A __________ is a group of statements surrounded by braces.

{}

denotes a block to enclose statements

blank line

use ____ to separate segments of the code

syntax errors

detected by the compiler

runtime errors

causes the program to abort

logic errors

produces incorrect result

{}

denotes a block to enclose statements

()

used with selection statements, loops, and methods

[]

denotes an array

““

enclosing a string

‘‘

enclosing a character

//

precedes a comment line

hardware

physical components

software

invisible programs

syntax

set of rules that must be followed when writing a program

byte

a sequence of 8 bits