b7 nucleic acids

functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids

energy, cell signaling, information storage, information utilization, metabolism

nucleotides structure

phosphates, ribose sugar and nitrogenous base

sugar in DNA vs RNA

DNA - ribose

RNA - deoxyribose

what is the difference between the sugars in DNA and the sugars in RNA and how is it reflected in the name

hydroxyl on RNA vs hydrogen on DNA

ribonucleic acid vs deoxyribonucleic acid

pyrimidines

thymine in DNA, cytosine in DNA and RNA, uracil in RNA

purines

adenine in DNA and RNA, guanine in DNA and RNA

identify the image

dATP (adenine)

identify the image

dTTP (thymine)

identify the image

dGTP (guanine)

identify the image

dCTP (cytosine)

the nitrogenous base is bonded to which carbon on the sugar in a nucleotide and what about the phosphates?

C1, C5

RNA is built with UTP monomers while DNA is built with dTTP monomers. there are two differences between these monomers. What are they?

sugar and nitrogenous base

what is the source of energy for the anabolic reactions that build nucleic acids

they provide their own energy because the monomers contain triphosphate

nucleotide triphosphate added to 3’ OH of RNA/DNA, phosphodiester bond forms between nucleotides, nucleotide unchanged, ppi and water out

chain of nucleotide structure

5’ carbon attached to a phosphate

3’ attached to a hydroxyl group

strands always hp 5' to 3’

phosphodiester bond: covalent bond between nucleotide monomers

helix

DNA structure

double strands that are antiparallel helices (sugar phosphate bacon on the outside and nitrogenous bases on the inside and hydrogen bonded to each other)

nucleotides of one strand dictates the nucleotides on the second strand (percent of purines = percent of pyrimidines, percent A = percent T, percent G = percent C