Earth Science, Astronomy, & Physics

Planets of the solar system formed by?

Condensation

Exoplanet detection methods?

Except detection of alien electromagnetic signals

Craters of the Moon are caused by?

Meteoroids

Moon rotation and revolution?

Does not rotate relative to Earth and revolves westward

Rising of the Moon in the east and its setting in the west is caused by?

Earth's rotation

Time between new and full moons?

Two weeks

Phase after the first quarter?

Waxing gibbous

First-quarter moon is overhead at?

6 P.M.

Lunar eclipse occurs at which phase?

Full Moon

Eclipse characteristics?

Darkening of the light minimum of three bodies can be total partial or annular

Eclipses involve?

Except rotation of the Earth

Total eclipse of the Sun moves?

West to east

Two daily high tides are caused by?

The differential gravitational attraction of the Moon

Spring tides occur?

Near the times of full and new moons

Least tidal variation is called?

Neap tide

Planet with no moon?

Venus

Planet with most moons?

Mars (Note: In modern data it is Saturn/Jupiter but based on this file the answer is Mars)

Galilean moons count?

Four

Largest moon?

Ganymede

Planet with five major medium-sized moons?

Uranus

Second-largest moon?

Titan

Four Galilean moons names?

Io Europa Ganymede and Callisto

Huygens probe landed on?

Titan

Dwarf planet has no moons?

Ceres

Moon that rotates as the rotation period of its parent planet?

Charon

Asteroids are found?

Not between the Earth and Mars (This implies they are mostly between Mars and Jupiter)

Comets?

Can't be observed on entering the solar system

Meteoroids are?

Stony objects smaller than a kilometer same as meteors and meteorites

Path of Sun?

Ecliptic

North or south of the celestial equator?

Declination

Sun's structure outer layer?

Corona

Sunspots are?

Cooler than the surrounding material

Fusion of hydrogen occurs?

Only in the core

Layer of Sun we see in visible light?

Photosphere

Keeps the all-stars from flying apart?

Gravitational force

Cool star color?

Red

Sun runs out of hydrogen it becomes?

Red giant star

Horsehead Nebula is a?

Dark nebula

White dwarf has same diameter as?

Earth

Ultimate fate of a star depends on?

Mass

Elements heavier than iron are created in?

Supernova

Black holes?

Light cannot escape them

Normal ordinary matter percentage?

4%

Evidence Universe is expanding?

The redshift of light from distant galaxies

Cosmic background radiation is?

Remnants of the explosion

Ozone layer is in?

Stratosphere

Photosynthesis depletion causes rise in?

Carbon dioxide

Regulates the Earth's average temperature?

The greenhouse effect

Insolation reaches Earth's surface percentage?

50%

Instrument to measure Humidity?

A psychrometer

Instrument to measure Wind speed?

Anemometer

Wind during the day?

Sea breeze

Anticyclone movement in the Northern Hemisphere?

Clockwise

Convection cycles examples?

Land breeze air currents sea breeze

Temperature of the air is below the dew point without precipitation?

Supercooled

Cold weather air mass?

cP (Continental Polar)

Cold and dry air mass?

cP

Cold front advancing under a warm front?

Cold front occlusion

Subsidence temperature inversion is caused by?

A high-pressure air mass

Major source of air pollution?

Incomplete combustion

Number of Plates on Earth?

20

Lithosphere consists of?

Crust and part of the upper mantle

Between the crust and the core?

Mantle

Evidence for Continental drift?

Similarities in fossils continuity of Geologic structures ancient glaciation

Primary cause of volcanoes?

Plate tectonics

Plate boundary types?

Except reverse

Lithospheric plate movement is driven by?

Radioactive decay in the Earth's mantle

Islands arcs are formed by?

Subduction

Earthquakes originate?

Except from the outer core

Mountain-building mechanism?

Except reverse-slip

Definition of Mineral?

Naturally occurring definite chemical composition crystalline

Softest mineral?

Talc

Mohs scale measures?

Hardness

Rock types?

Except pyroclastic

Rock cycle represents?

Interrelationships

Igneous rock classification?

Texture and density

Grain size of an igneous rock depends on?

Rate at which the molten rock cooled

Igneous rock examples?

Except sandstone

Plutons are?

Bodies of intrusive igneous rocks

Dikes are?

Intrusive igneous

Layered composite cone volcano?

Stratovolcano

Sedimentary rocks end up in highland because?

Uplifted by powerful forces

Organic sedimentary rock example?

Coal

Sediment turning into sedimentary rock is called?

Lithification

Metamorphosis of limestone?

Marble

Metamorphism affects?

Metamorphic igneous sedimentary

Transporting of material to lower places?

Gradation

Not a type of mechanical disintegration?

Oxidation

Rate of weathering of rock depends on?

Temperature

Agents that cause erosion?

Streams Glaciers waves

The total amount of water on the Earth is?

Constant

Fresh water on earth surface percentage?

3%

Continuous circulation of the Earth's water?

Hydrologic cycle

Depleted Aquifers occur when?

Rate of water extraction is greater than the rate of recharge

Not true about Fossils?

Irrelevant in geologic time

Study of Fossils?

Paleontology

Petrified wood is formed by?

Replacement

Horizontal layers principle?

Original horizontality

Eras next divided into?

Periods

Precedes any indication of life?

Precambrian