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Random Access Memory (RAM)
A primary storage that is directly connected to the cpu and holds the data and instructions that are currently in use
memory cache
temporary storage area that speeds the processes of the computer by storing frequently used instructions and data
read-only memory (ROM)
A non-volatile primary storage that holds the first instructions a computer needs to start up (Bootstrap)
Magnetic storage
A type o non-volatile media that uses magnets to store binary. They are made up of several metal discs with magnetic material
Solid State Drive (SSD)
A type of non-volatile media that uses electronic circuits to store binary, it is also called flash memory.
Off-line Storage
storage that can be physically moved away from a device and stored somewhere else
optical storage devices
A type of non-volatile media that uses layers to burn the surface of a disk, creating pits and lands for storying bianry 0s and 1s
DVD-RAM
The digital versatile disc (DVD) encoding format used for data storage.
Lossy Compression
data compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost. This technique attempts to eliminate redundant information.
Lossless Compression
a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
Solid state memory uses ___ technology
NAND and NOR gates
flashing
the process of erasing and re-writing data to ROM
Bootstrap
The start-up instructions for the computer. It is stored in ROM
Firmware
System software that cannot be changed, it controls hardware devices. It is stored in ROM
pit
an indented area on the reflective surface of an optical disc that scatters light from a laser
land
the raised surface between pits on an optical disk
Digital versatile disc (DVD)
an optical storage device that uses laser light to read data and to write data on the surface of itself
Blu-ray disc
a modern, extremely high capacity optical medium
embedded computer
a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
general purpose computer
a computer that can run many different programs (e.g. a smartphone)
Embedded system
A computer system that is integrated into a larger device or product, such as a car, a medical device, or a smart home appliance.
Microprocessor
A central processing unit (CPU) that is contained on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip.
MAC address
a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network.
IP address
a numerical label that identifies a device which communicates over the internet
Phishing
A type of online fraud in which criminals attempt to steal sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, and credit card numbers, by posing as a trustworthy entity. =
Pharming
A type of online fraud in which criminals redirect website traffic to a fake website in order to steal sensitive information.
Types of storage
Primary storage
Secondary storage
Primary storage
Storage that is directly accessible by the cpu.
Secondary storage
THese are storage devices that cannot be directly accessed by the cpu
Advantages of Magnetic storage
High storage capacity
Low Cast
Moderate read/write access ( SPEED)
Disadvantages of Magnetic
Durability
Heavy and bulky parts
Prone to mechanical failure
Loud spinning disks
Advantages of SOlid State memory
Medium - High storage capacity
Very fast read/write access
No moving parts
Small and silent
Disadvantages of solid state memory
Costy price per gigabyte
Limited read/write cycles
Optical storage advantages
Low cost
Durable
Portable
Silent
Disadvantages of optical memory
Low capacity
Very slow read / write access
Prone to scratches
Examples of magnetic storage
floppy diskette, hard disk, tape drive
Examples of solid state memory
Solid state drives, usb flashes
Examples of optical storage memory
Blue rays
CDs
DVD
Virtual memory full explanation
Virtual memory is a technique that uses a portion of the secondary storage (ie hard drive or SSDs) to simulate additional ram, allowing the operating system to temporarily move data from the Ram that isn’t actively being used. It stores programs as pages of data, they are then transferred between RAm and the VIrtual memory when needed. It is much slower than ram, so it should be avoided by buying more Ram when necessery.
Cloud storage
A term used to descrie long term secondary storage of data that resides in a remote location, stored on a remote server, that is accessible only via a wide area network.
Advantages of cloud storage
Accessible from anywhere
Automatic backups
Endless storage space
Multiple people can cess the data at the same time
Disadvantages of Cloud storage
Can be costly
No access wthout an internet connection
