Personality Class 4: Neo Freudian theorist

Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology

Inferiority vs Striving: Striving for superiority to combat the inferiority complex present from birth is personality

Inferiority vs Striving Personality variations

Excessive/all consuming inferiority leads to perceived or relative insecurity. Parental influence like neglection, birth order causes higher inferiorty.

Karen Horney: ‘Feminine Psychology’

Basic Anxiety Theory: Neurotic needs determine personality.

Basic Anxiety Origin

An innate fear/helplessness of being alone in a hostile world exhaburated by parental treatment creates their interaction style

Neurotic Needs (neurosis)

Not true needs that arise from disturbed relationships in childhood.

Neurotic Needs divided into Defense Mechanisms

Moving towards people (clingy); Moving Against people (Security from hostility) Moving away from people (avoidant)

Erik Erickson: Ego psychology

Personality is shaped by the ego’s navigation of conscious development conflicts which then shapes the ego.

Eight stages of Development: Before grade school

Trust vs Mistrust (infancy): Through caregivers; Autonomy vs Doubt(toddlers): Through independence; Initiative vs Guilt (preschool): Through exploration.

Eight stages of Development: Before Adulthood

Industry vs Inferiority (school age): Competence through skills; Identity vs Role Confusion (Adolescence): Develops belief through self definition

Eight stages of Development: Adulthood

Intimacy vs isolation(YA): Through relationships; Generativity vs stagnation(Middle adulthood): Develops through contribution. Integrity vs Despair(Late adulthood): Through reflection.

Melaine Klein and Donald Winnicott: Interpersonal Theory

Object Relations Theory: A person personality comes from early relationships with caregivers and how they compartmentalized it

Object

The Unconscious rep of emotionally important people

Object Relations Theory Origin

Infants internalize interactions with caregivers making mental reps(objects). How they justify the compartilization shows their personality and growth if they learn to accept all facets of their loved ones.

John Bowlby and Mary Ainthworth

Transformed ORT to Attachment theory: Early relationships with caregivers determine social/emotional development

Origin of Attachment Theory

The fear of closeness vs fear of abandonment with caregivers creates 4 attachments styles in adults

The four attachment styles

Secure, Anxious(clingy), avoidant, disorganized: Anxious and avoidant, fear of rejection and low self worth

Carl Jung: Collective unconscious and Archetypes

The psyche consist of opposing forces that when brought together bring wholeness than when fragmented: The self

The layers/forces of the psyche

Primary layer: ego/conscious self; Second layer: personal Unconscious. Collective Unconscious: Inheritable understanding of human concepts and personas called archetypes

Archetype

Universal archaic patters about the world from collective unconscious divided into Anima, Animus and Shadow

Anima, Animus and Shadow

Anima: Feminine side of the male. Animus: Masculine side of the female. Shadow: Negative side of personality

Typical Jungian Archetypes about self

Hero: Reps the individual. Persona: The mask. Shadow: Hidden darkness The self: The center of psyche that aims for wholeness

Typical Jung Archetypes about life

Journey: A unsteady unavoidable path. Life,death rebirth: Leaves, faces fear and is reborn. Light/dark: growth is found in the balance. Tree: Different parts are they id, ego and superego trying to balance with each other.