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stability
refers to the strength to stand or a resistance to chemical change
Gilbert Newton Lewis
he proposed the Octet rule
electron configuration
refers to the distribution of electrons at different positions in an atom
valence electrons
are the electrons occupying the highest energy level in an atom, sometimes called the outermost electrons
LEDS
proposed by Gilbert N. Lewis used to emphasize the atom’s valence electrons
compound
is different both in its physical and chemical aspects from the original atom or element in which it came from
chemical bond
a strong attractive force that bound compounds together
ionic compound
a type of chemical bond that is formed when there is a transfer of electrons from one atom to another
ion
the atom that becomes a charged particle in ionic bonding
cation
an atom that is positively charged
anion
an atom that becomes negatively charged
sodium
is a silver-colored metal that is highly reactive in water
chlorine
a yellow-green gas at room temperature and is poisonous
ionic bond
always involves a bonding between a metal and non-metal
ionization energy
the energy needed to remove an electron from the neutral atom
electron affinity
is a measure of how much energy is released when an atom is gained by a certain atom
chemical formula
a shorthand method in writing the name of a compound
binary compounds
compounds the involve only two elements
ternary compounds
compounds that contain three different elements
covalent bonding
the combining of two non-metallic elements
molecule
the result of two non-metallic elements bonding
single covalent bond
denoted by one short line, sharing of one electron pair between two atoms
double covalent bond
denoted by two short lines, sharing of two electron pairs
triple covalent bond
denoted by three short lines, sharing of three electron pairs
bonding pair
shared electron pair, represented by pair of dots or a line
VSEPR
a procedure that can help us predict the geometric arrangement of atoms in molecules
bonding pairs
are indicated by dashes
nonbonding pairs
are indicated by dots
linear
a shape where its two electron pair bonds
trigonal planar
this shape is possible when three pairs get as far apart from each other as possible
tetrahedron
four electron pairs, all have equal distance
trigonal bipyramid
five electron pairs, the distance are not equal
octahedron
six bonding pairs are present, all position are equivalent
metallic bond
a type of bond among metals
ductility
the ability of metals to be drawn into a wire
malleability
the ability of metals to be shaped by pressure
luster
ability of metals to shine and reflect light
oxidation number
indicates how many electrons an atom has gained, lost or shared
polyatomic ions
are two or more atoms bonded together
urea
an organic compound present in the urine of living things
hydrocarbons
consist of entirely hydrogen and carbon
alkane
the simplest form of hydrocarbons
IUPAC
a system used in naming organic compounds
alkene
second class of hydrocarbons, known as olefins
benzene
the first recognized aromatic hydrocarbon
methylbenzene
widely used for model glue
napthalene
commonly used in mothballs
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