Lifespan exam 1: infancy

Infant skills develop along the...

cephalocaudal: head to toe

proximodistal: center of body outwards

simple to complex

weight gain in first year

babies double their weight by 6 months, triple their weight by 12 months

height and weight growths tampers off somewhere around 3

infant nutrition

only milk for first 6 months, water introduced in 2nd half of the year, iron rich foods are good

Primitive infant reflexes

1. Sucking

2. Grasping

2. rooting: turn head towards nipple for food

3. Moro: loud noise or drop occurs, baby extends arms, legs, and fingers and draws head back

Infant postural reflexes

reaction to changes in position or balance

Infant locomotor reflexes

resemble voluntary movements that will come later (walking or swimming)

Infant early senses

-Touch is the first sense developed

-Sight is least developed sense at birth

-Taste and smell begin to develop in the womb

Denver Developmental Screening Test

children 1-6 months to determine normal development

When can children keep their head erect while held or supportive sitting

By 4 months

When can children get around on their own power

6-10 months

Haptic perception

ability to acquire information about properties of objects (size, weight, texture) by handling them

Gross motor development: 8-9 months

crawl on hands and knees, pull self to standing position

Gross motor development: 12-13 months

first steps, cruise while holding on

Fine motor development: 1 month

hands closed, grasp reflex strong

Fine motor development: 2-3 months

hands kept loosly open, actively hold rattle

Fine motor development: 4-5 months

play with hands, pull blanket over face, grasping object with both hands, play w a rattle, carry objects to mouth, play with toes

Fine motor development: 6-7 months

grab/manipulate small objects, hold bottle, grab feet and pull to mouth, transfer objects from hand to hand

Fine motor development: 8-9 months

princer grasp, release objects at will, rings bell purposely

Fine motor development: 10-12 months

explores objects, sequential play, manipulate object to remove it from tight fitting space, turn pages in a book

Psychosocial development of infant

8-12 months: attachment to parents or things, stranger anxiety, security objects (blanket, pacifier)

Cognitive development of infant

cerebellum growing quickly in first year of life, regions of brain that govern senses grow rapidly and are fully developed by 6 months

brain development in response to genetics and environment

brain development is genetically directed but modified by environment

plasticity: modifiability/molding through experience

Language: by 4 months

infant brain begins showing lateralization for language

Language: 4-8 months

when learning language= infants pay attention to the mouth

Language: roughly 1 year

infants beginning to master basics of language so attention shifts back to the eye

Solitary play

playing by finding things they like and playing by themselves, exploring on their own

Sensorimotor play

like things that are colorful, make noise, etc.

appeal to senses and motor skills

Appropriate toys for infants:

rattle, objects that can be manipulates, bell, sequential play toys, objects in tight fitting enclosure, book

Safety issues for infants

suffocation, drowning, fires/burns, SIDS, preterm birth, birth complications, sepsis

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory birth-12 months

Trust vs Mistrust: need to trust the world and people in it but also some mistrust protect themselves from danger

-babies develop sense of whether the world is good and a safe place

-virtue: hope