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The four moderators of accuracy
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The Judge, The target, The trait being judged, The information on which the judgment is based.
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Person-situation debate
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A discussion regarding whether personality traits or situational factors are more influential in determining behavior.
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33 Terms
1
The four moderators of accuracy
The Judge, The target, The trait being judged, The information on which the judgment is based.
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2
Person-situation debate
A discussion regarding whether personality traits or situational factors are more influential in determining behavior.
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3
Single trait approach
Examines behaviors associated with a particular trait.
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Many trait approach
Looks for traits associated with a particular behavior.
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5
Essential trait approach
Identifies which traits are most important.
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6
Typological approach
Focuses on patterns of traits that characterize a person.
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7
The Big Five
Also known as OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.
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8
Myers’ Briggs Assessment
A personality assessment based on choices between two opposing tendencies: Extroversion vs. Introversion, Sensing vs. Intuition, Thinking vs. Feeling, Judgment vs. Perception.
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9
California Q set
A method involving 100 personality descriptions sorted into categories to identify important and least important traits.
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10
Lexical Hypothesis
The idea that important aspects of personality are reflected in the language used to describe them, resulting in many words across languages.
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11
The Marshmallow test
An experiment demonstrating patience by offering a choice between one marshmallow now or two marshmallows later.
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12
How genes affect behavior
Through influencing the development and function of the brain, which impacts thinking, feeling, and acting.
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13
Evolutionary psychology
The study of human thought, motivation, and behavior within a broad natural context.
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14
Sociometer Theory
The concept that self-esteem evolved to monitor acceptance by others and motivate behaviors that enhance social valuation.
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15
Fast vs slow life history strategies
Fast strategies involve early reproduction with little investment per offspring; slow strategies involve late reproduction and high investment.
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16
Behavioral observation
Research based on direct observation rather than self-reports, revealing shared environmental influences on traits.
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Genome Wide Association Studies
Studies that look for genetic associations with personality traits in large samples.
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18
Changing Personality
The concept that personality can change over the course of life, especially during certain life stages.
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19
Personality Stability
The consistency of a person's personality traits over time.
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20
Plasticity in personality
The ability of personality traits to change and adapt over time.
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21
Social clock
A societal expectation that places pressure on individuals to achieve certain milestones by specific ages.
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22
Narrative
The personal story an individual builds about their life.
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23
Redemption
A narrative theme where a negative experience serves as a turning point leading to positive growth.
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24
Causes of personality
Factors such as physical development, intelligence increases, and changing social roles that can influence personality over time.
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25
Person environment transactions
Interactions where individuals seek, respond to, or change environments to align with their personality traits.
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Cohort effects
Differences among age groups resulting from the distinct environments in which they grew up.
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Systematic desensitization
A behavioral therapy method to help individuals overcome phobias and anxiety-related disorders.
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Accelerators of neurological decline
Factors such as sedentary behavior, poor sleep, and unhealthy diet that can contribute to cognitive decline.
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Hippocampus
The part of the brain that grows in response to exercise.
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How to strengthen memory
Engage in new, emotional, and mindful activities that challenge the brain.
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Sleep hygiene
Practices that promote quality sleep, including limiting screen time and establishing a consistent sleep routine.
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Frontal lobes and neocortex role
Involved in social understanding, self-control, emotions, decision making, and reactions to stimuli.
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Research methods to study the brain
Methods like CT scans, PET scans, and fMRI that allow observation of brain activity.
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