History Midterms

Precedents

They are the cabinets and what helped the USA to carry out important decisions. During the first presidency was during GW presidency, there was TJ the secretary of state, AH secretary of treasury, HK Revolutionary war president. Each of these were put in terms which was for 2 years. They helped influence how our world runs today

Political Parties

Federalists: Ran by AH, and JA and they supported in ratifying the constitution

DR: Intrests of farmers and protected rights of the states which was ran by JM and TJ

The DR and federalists almost made a division between the country due to the different view points, they both had a different view and interpretation of the country

Hamiltons Financial Plan

He wanted to pay the full debt and the nations unpaid debts. He was in favor of the National banks which stored the nations funds, but was also seen as unconstitutional from others. He also sponsored a national mint. This national bank caused division

The Whisky Rebellion

Hamilton needed money because the country was in debt so he added a applied tax on whisky. Southerners and farmers were extremely upset over this and this began to be a turning point of America and where the republicans started to turn against the federalists

XYZ Affair

The XYZ was when the United States wanted to solve problems with France, so they met with the French Foreigners, where they referred to 3 diplomats known as X, Y, and Z. There they negotiated and resolved issues which helped their relations

Alien & Sedation Acts

The federalists wanted to make the DR look bad, so they passed an act that limits the rights of immigrants, and prevents the DR to speak out against the federalists. This added more heat to the feud already there between the DR and the federalists

Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote this in response to the A&S acts declaring it as unconstitutional, and they believed they had the right to determine if federal laws exceeded the Constitution's limits, though only Virginia supported the idea,

Madbury V Madison

Jefferson told Madison that he was not allowed to deliver the necessary paperwork that would give the judges their jobs, so one of the judges Madbury decided to petition the supreme court to order Jefferson to Madbury his job as the federal judge. The supreme court had the power to declare a federal law as unconstitutional

Lousiana Purchase

1803 U.S. acquisition of 828,000 square miles of territory from France, doubling the size of the nation for $15 million, driven by President Jefferson's desire for New Orleans and control of the Mississippi River. This gave the US more land to expand there ideas and life and also it lead into the Lewis and Clark expeditions

Sacagawea

Toussaint Charbonneaus wife who was captured by the Hidasta and later sold. She was also a crucial to the Lewis and Clark Expedition's success as an interpreter, guide, and symbol of peace

Manifest Destiny

It was the expansion of American ideas to the westward areas. It took over many native groups land, and forced displacement and violence against Native American populations, fundamentally shaping American identity and territorial growth, while also fueling debates over slavery and national purpose

War Hawks

They were a group of Congress people who lobbied for war. It was lead by Henry Clay and John C Canhoun. They wanted to capture the British lands. They were the main reason that the war of 1812 begun which was a war between the US territory and the British

Tecumseh

Tecumseh was the Shawnee leader and objected to the treaties of some Native Americans in the region had signed with settlers. He also formed a confederacy for Indian tribes opposing Harrison. He was against the US for taking over and violating their lands, so he and his tribe sided with the British fighting against the US. He helped to lead attacks which started battles in the country

Battle of New Orleans

It was the last major battle of the 1812 war and was a major success for the US. This battle lead into the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war, and it also gave good feelings for the US leading into the era of good feelings

Era of Good Feelings

Following the battle the US was feeling very patriotic and nationalistic and good about their country earning the name “The Era of Good Feelings”. It lead into new ideas and beginnings for our country

Henry Clays American System

Henry Clay's American System was an early 19th-century economic plan to strengthen the U.S. by balancing agriculture, commerce, and industry through three key parts: protective tariffs for industry, a national bank for stable currency, and federal funding for internal improvements (roads, canals) to connect markets, fostering self-sufficiency and national unity after the War of 1812. 

McCulloch V Maryland

here the Court ruled that Congress had the power to create a national bank under its implied powers and that states could not tax it, affirming federal supremacy over state laws. It ruled that states couldn’t tax the NB due to the necessary and proper clause and the supremacy clause

Monroe Doctorine

A message which warned Eureopean powers not to interfere in the affairs of the western hemisphere, asserting U.S. leadership while pledging American non-intervention in European affairs

Industrial Revolution

primarily occurring in the late 18th to early 19th century, marked a significant transformation in manufacturing processes and economic structures,

Market Revolution

a theory in which the United States shifted from a traditional, moral economy to a more modern free-market capitalist system.

Francis Cabot Lowell

American business man known as the “father of the American industrial revolution” who established the first integrated textile mill. It introduced modern and integrated factory systems to the US making the American industrial revolution

Cotton Gin & Interchangeable Parts

Once cotton Gin was introduced it made cotton production explode and made a lot of money. New machines made more cotton and money but was harmed in the south. It exemplify Eli Whitney’s role in Americas early industrialization driving textile growth and slavery in the south

Erie Canal

Century infrastructure projects that revolutionized American communication and commerce. It helped easier trade and travel in America

John Deere

Pivotal 19th century innovators who revolutionized farming. JD steel plow. It transformed American agriculture by increasing efficiency and fueled the nations economic expansion

Plantation systems

A large-scale agricultural model focused on growing single, labor-intensive cash crops for export and labor. This is where many enslaved persons were forced into manual labor

Slave codes

Any sets of rules based on the concept that enslaved persons were property not persons. This stripped the rights from them taking away any part of them to be treated as human

Slave Culture

The traditions, beliefs, and practices developed by slaves to worship, maintain dignity. It helped them to distract their thoughts and communicate with one another. Most of the time when they were saw singing, it was to express sadness and their longing to escape

Denmark Vesey

a free black man who purchased his freedom in 1800, was the leader of the alleged insurrection, which planned to take the city of Charleston

Nat Turners Rebellion

Nat Turner’s Rebellion was a violent 1831 slave uprising in Southampton County, Virginia, led by Nat Turner, a preacher who believed God called him to free enslaved people. About 55 white people were killed before the revolt was suppressed. It was the deadliest slave rebellion in U.S. history and deeply frightened white Southerners, leading to harsher slave laws while also intensifying both pro-slavery defenses and abolitionist movements leading up to the Civil War.

Fredrick Douglass

He was a writer and activist, who also was considered an American hero. He escaped slavery, and during it he learned how to read and write. He was also very brave. He was a key factor into the abolition on slavery

Douglass’s Narrative

Douglass’s Narrative was written by Douglass himself, telling his dark and emotional stories from when he was once enslaved. This book taught thousands about the true meaning and horrors of what being a slave was truly like