All in or Fold

How to lose everything slowly so luck still feels like it's on your side

Aristotle

- He says that the state is an organism with all the attributes of a living being.

association

According to Aristotle, (blank) is necessary to fulfill certain desires

associations, political

Aristotle believes that all (blank) are (blank)

organic state

Aristotle believes that the state is a community; that it is an (blank)

state

According to Aristotle, the (blank) is the highest community.

state

According to Aristotle, this is the natural and final stage in the growth of human relations aiming for a specific objective that is the collective good.

family

The first form of association which is lowest in the process of the evolution of institutions. It is established by nature “for the supply of men’s everyday wants”.

material needs

The family which is the first stage on the form of human association focuses on (blank).

Village

more complex than the family. Established to satisfy cultural wants or desire for companionship and community.

State

it is the highest form of institution, established for the sake of the “Good Life”(Eudaimonia) and not for the sake of life only. To fulfill the quality that makes him specifically human.

state

Established for the moral needs of human society

village

Established for the social needs of human society.

true

According to Aristotle, if a government pursues the common interest, then it is a (blank) government.

despotic

According to Aristotle, if a government pursues an interest contrary to the common good then it is a (blank) government.

Monarchy

This is a state that is ruled by one person and is true in nature

Tyranny

This is a state that is ruled by one person and is despotic in nature.

Aristocracy

This is a state that is ruled by a few and is true in nature.

Oligarchy

This is a state that is ruled by a few and is despotic in nature.

Polity

This is a state that is ruled by many and is true in nature.

Democracy

This is a state that is ruled by many and is despotic in nature.

Monarchy

According to Aristotle, this is the most ideal kind of government.

Monarchy

This government has the belief that the superior virtue of Monarchs give them the right to practice compulsion.

Monarchy

“Virtue of the ruler over the consent of the ruled”

Monarchy

This government holds the belief that if a person has a preeminent virtue and political capacity, he should rule for he can “be deemed a God among men”.

Monarchy

“all should joyfully obey such a ruler, according to what seems to be the order of nature”.

Aristocracy

Government formed of the best men absolutely.

Aristocracy

Aristotle refers to this together with that of Monarchy(seeming impossibility of Monarchy’s condition) as the perfect state with the difference in the number of people to which virtue is centered.

Polity

It is the state that the citizens at large administer for the common interest.

Constitutional Government

The other term for Polity.

freedom, wealth

This government is a compromise between the two principles:

1 (of the poor)
2 (of the rich)

Polity

This state is a more empirical approach of Aristotle, This is because it is hard to establish monarchy as the ideal state given the circumstances of the real world- more practical compared to aristocracy and monarchy.

Polity

This state establishes stability that is based on a social order that is less poor or rich, more middle class.

Tyranny

This state is the perversion of monarchy, the rule of a non-virtuous single person who focuses his pursuit as a ruler for his personal benefits and desires.

Tyranny

System of government ruled by a single person who is politically incapable - incapable of prudence and necessary virtues of a Monarch.

Tyranny

This government ultimately leads to the extreme form of monopoly of wealth at the cost of the majority with an enlarged poor population.

Oligarchy

This state is the perversion of Aristocracy, with the treatment of power and the benefits out of it are centered on a ruling rich few.

Oligarchy

Wealth is the element that makes this government different from the aristocracy that is more concerned with the virtues and political capacity of the rulers.

Democracy

This government is the perversion of Polity/Constitutional Government, governed by the poor and for the poor only.

Democracy

Aristotle believes this government as the most tolerable of all the despotic forms of government.

Popular sovereignty, Individual Liberty

Democracy is characterized by two things :(incompatible with the stability of the existing moral and political order)

Popular sovereignty

It means that everyone has the right to self determine.

Citizen

“He who has the power to take part in the deliberative or judicial administration of the state.”

Citizenship

This is the idea of an individual who is economically independent and has enough experience, education, and leisure to devote himself to politics.

Citizen

He is not to lead the life of mere artisans for it is ignoble and inimical of virtue. He is considered to be a part of the state.

Slaves

This is one of the classes that are mere necessary conditions to which the citizens can fully commit themselves to share something to the state but mere necessities for its existence.

Slavery

Defined as a means to achieve the purpose of the state. They belong wholly to their masters.

Citizenship

The virtue of being human as part of the state is an end in itself.

Man over animals

A natural setup that comprises the whole of a thing or a process or a phenomena.

Give an example:

ruling, ruled

A state cannot exist without either of the two in the same way an organism will not exist without (blank) and (blank) elements.

Ruling, being ruled

Their roles are beneficial to each elements and to the whole that it composes.

What are the roles mentioned here?

Soul

The (blank) rules the body, the same way that a master rules his slaves. It is beneficial to the body that it should be ruled by the (blank) and the other way around.

Master over slave

Types of rules:
-the rule is that of a superior element over an inferior subject.

Statesman over citizens

Types of rules:
-the rule of a citizen over his fellow citizens.

King over subjects

Types of rules:
-authority is based on virtue of affection and seniority - equivalent to royal authority.

Good man

He is the one who rules over the citizens in a city state.

Good Man

Virtue of excellence/goodness is single and absolute regardless of the constitution.

Good Man.

He is one who practices Prudence and excellence in the order of ruling.

Good Man

He knows political rule i.e the rule of over equally free men, is developed and learned by the ruler both by being ruled and by ruling.

Good citizen

They have the right opinion which means not absolute excellence/goodness.

Good citizen

Their excellence/goodness is relative to the constitution as the composition of their association.

Eudaimonia

It is the ultimate purpose and end of the Polis/State.

Eudaimonia

The constitution of a state is a composition of associations and clans in a good life such as self sufficing/ self sufficient.

Wealth, free birth, temper, justice

According to Aristotle, state leaders should have particular set of characteristics: give out the four needed:

wealth, free birth

The Existence of the state is hinged upon the existence of citizens who have (blank) and (blank).

Justice

The greatest and most commonly pursued good.

Justice

Consists in what tends to promote common interest.

Things, To whom things are being assigned

Two factors of Justice:

To whom things are assigned

This is one of the factors of Justice. It pertains to persons who are equal and should have assigned to them equal things.

The rule of law

The supremacy of the body of laws over individual rulers.

The rule of law

It states that such is necessary to allow everyone to have the opportunity to be rulers and be ruled which is at the core of “Justice” among equals.

The rule of law

It trains the holders of office expressly in its own spirit and then sets them to decide and settle those residuary issues which it cannot regulate “as justly as in them lies”.

Rule of God and Reason

Man’s rule is of beastly character as perverted by appetite and high spirit. Reason should overpower the two.

Justice

This concept requires “Reason free from all passion” and serves as a neutral authority in the search for justice.

Prudence

This is what makes a citizen just/justice?

The Human Condition

This was Hannah’s most sustained piece of social philosophy. In it, she posed the question, “What does it mean to be a human being in the world?”

We think about it, We act upon it

There are two ways in which human beings engage in the world:

Labor, Work, Action

These are the three types of human action:

Labor

It refers to the biologically necessary, repetitive process of preserving human life as a biological species such as the preparation of food, gathering/harvest, cleaning, washing, and bringing up children

Labor

These are efforts to sustain the human species.

Work

This is where humans posit a goal and realize it through purposeful action such as the production of durable goods; the things that inhabit our world: pots, pans, chairs, tables, books. This action to make directed outcomes of durable products is inherently a human activity..

Work

It is fixed in its goal and outcome. We perceive an activity, we act upon it, and stop.

Action

It is a freely initiated activity done in the public sphere where its outcome is not known in advance and unpredictable.

Action

It is always creative and free in the sense it is not biologically necessary, it always produces things that are unique.

Action

It is closely aligned with speech. When we interact with other people, we almost by necessity explain or justify what we are doing. For Arendt, (blank) is linked with language.

Action

It is the most quintessentially human form of endeavor

Action

When we initiate a unique (blank), we are always revealing something about ourselves; by the decision of what to do, by the way in which we explain it to others. And when each of us do so, in a larger group, they disclose the nature of society.

Action

It is revelatory. The more the people participate in the public sphere, and the greater array of perspectives they articulate, the greater the degree to which reality as human beings is revealed. The more human action, the more we reveal.

Action

It discloses the reality of what it means to be a human being

Action

Its consequences are unpredictable and have no endpoint. W e have no idea of how they play out. The actor can never know the outcome of their actions, only the historians.

Forgiveness, Promises

To deal with the unforeseeable consequences of our actions, humans have evolved two mechanisms:

Forgiveness

Humans evolved this because we cannot know what will happen, we are never truly responsible for them. It was brought by Jesus Christ.

Promises

We seek to gain some closure of the future through this. By making pledges, we can to some degree control and shape our actions.

Labor

This is the dominant human action. If anybody wanted to participate in action, then, they would require a body of slaves to do this on their behalf.

labor, action, class, gender rigidity

In Greek city states, males would participate in action while slaves and women will be doing the labor in the household. This highlights a clear dichotomy between (blank) and (blank), enforced by (blank) and (blank).

division of labor

Humans were going to be defined as a working species if it weren’t for the intrusion and growth of the (blank)

job holders

This is the term Hannah Arendt calls us because we do the same thing every day to keep the machine running. This machine then turns massively productive and so generates huge quantities of materials. Making a mass consumption society where most things are used and discarded in a short life cycle.

Science

For Arendt, this is the refuge of work. As scientists design and experiment, they fabricate the particular tools necessary to such experiments and interact with nature using the products of work, they initiate actions which cannot be predicted.

Essence of Man

There is no such thing as “blank”

Natality, Morality

The conditions of human existence are bound by: