AMH2020 Test 3

Adolph Hitler

The leader of Germany during WWII (Facism)

Dictator

Benito Mussolini

Leader of Facist Italy

Rhineland

Germany reclaims it from France

Area that connected Germany to France

Shot was not fired to take the land

Said the land was inherently German

Sudetenland

They don’t want to leave Czechoslovakia but they are forced to go with Germany

Great Britain tries to make peace treaty between the Czechs and Hitler

Borders Czech

Land taken by Germany once again without firing a shot

Neville Chamberlain

Prime Minister of Great Britain

One who does Sudetenland incident

Winston Churchill

Said the war was coming

He is big member of parliament (he wants to go against Chamberlain and make him look like a fool)

Prime Minister of Great Britain

Takes Chamberlains spot after Sudetenland

Blitzkrieg

A quick war

quick form of combat known as lightning war

quickly taking each country using aerial assaults

and then a quick transport of the tank parade after that

Cash and Carry

1939

Provide resources but they need to go to the US and buy them with cash and it is up to them to bring it back

Britain had to bring them back to Europe themselves

US did not want another Lusitania

Germany saw this as the US joining the war

Destroyer Deal

Sept 2, 1940

Give the US access to Britain’s ports and military bases around the world in exchange for the US weapons and ships

Gave Britain destroyers, not just weapons

Lend/Lease

March 11, 1941

We will lend the goods and bring them to Europe even though it causes issues with Germany

Still technically not joining the war, but very close

Rape of Nanking

Capital of China

The Japanese military uses rape as a form of weaponry

Half a million women were raped by the Japanese military

documented in the newspapers of Japan

China tries to smuggle out this information

They released information of how many they got, like the scores of a baseball game

The Japanese dont have natural resources

All natural resources they need are brought into Japan

Isoroku Yamamoto

Leader of the navy in Japan

Backup plan to take the embargo away if US will not have the deal

against this plan to attack the US because it will draw them into the war

Hideki Tojo

Leader of Japanese Military

Makes the plan B

He is depicted in a certain way in cartoons

Large teeth

Big Mustache

Glasses

Emperor Hirohito

Emperor of Japan

Seen as god like figure

Symbolic leader of Japan

Pearl Harbor

Attack 1941

Japanese ambassadors Nomura and Kurusa

The US says they will raise taxes and cut off their oil supply because they are being so bad to the Chinese

The Japanese sends the ambassadors to negotiate with the US

3 Prong Attack

US knew the attack was coming, but not where

Incorrectly guessed the attack would be in the Philippines

Tora, Tora, Tora (Tiger, tiger, tiger)

Japanese were not planning to die, kamikaze

US now entered the war as an ally to Britain, France, and the soviets

USS Arizona

The sinking of the USS Arizona is what made the US join the war

Executive Order 8802

June 1941

FDR signs the order before the march can occur

He gives them an economical solution providing jobs for minorities

March is called off

Integrated the armed forces industry to provide jobs for black employees who make their way to the North

Great Migration

Asa (A) Philip Randolph

Said we tried that during WWI and went back to lynching

Wanted proof of equality

Called for a march on Washington

A period of defiance in protest

Demand more from the government

FDR does not want to deal with this so he extends the truce which is Executive Order 8802

Executive Order 9981

July 1948

Immigration of the armed forces

Harder of the two executive orders to pass

Waited until the end of the war to do

Internment

Germans were put in internment camps but not German Americans

Were children of German Nationalists

Executive Order 9066

Japanese executive order internment

Intern 120,000 Japanese Americans (in every state except Hawaii)

Very Few Japanese were interned

Most were American citizens

Manhattan Project

A secret US project for the construction of the atomic bomb

Enrico Fermi

Italian nuclear physicist (in the US after 1939) who worked on artificial radioactivity caused by neutron bombardment and who headed the group that in 1942 produced the first controlled nuclear reaction (1901-1954)

Had to leave Italy because his wife was Jewish

Albert Einstein

German physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which states that time, space, and mass are relative to each other and not fixed

Orchestrator of Atomic Weapon

Trinity Test

July 16, 1945

Test an atomic bomb

All life forms were vaporized

Proud and Horrified with creation

Ultimate Weapon

Potsdam Conference

The soviet union, US, and Great Britain leaders meet at Potsdam to figure out what to do with Europe

Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill, FDR (Truman when FDR dies)

Churchill knew the Manhattan Project was successful but didn’t want to tell the Soviets

Enola Gay

the plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima

carried “Little Boy” bomb

Little Boy

August 6, 1945

Name of the bomb that exploded over Hiroshima

Bockscar

Name of the plane that dropped off the atomic bomb “Fat man” on Nagasaki

Fat Man

August 9, 1945

Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki

Bigger physically and stronger than little boy

Federal Employee Loyalty Act

Had federal employees prove their loyalty had to sign a document saying they are not a communist or ever been affiliated with it

Communist would still sign it so that they could stay safe

Joseph McCarthy

US politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communist (1908-1957)

HUAC (House on Un-American Activities Committee)

Called people in on rumors or gossip and then you hope they would report others to save themselves

“Black Listed”

People who wouldn’t talk couldn’t work in Hollywood

William Levitt

1946

Levittown, New York and Levittown, PA

From potato farms to suburbs

took place in Long Island, NY

he helped average Americans get solid homes

quickly provided 14K homes in one year by 1948

they all looked relatively the same

Suburbia

families of men who were in the military went back to their wives, and this is the generation of baby boomers

took away character of America

Lots of uniformity/conformity

Dwight Eisenhower

was the safe candidate

Not happy days

Nuclear tests

The US went from atomic to hydrogen bombs and then from hydrogen to nuclear bombs during this time period

they tested the bombs in the pacific

very powerful after successful WWII victory

John F Kennedy

Legitimacy vs Sympathy because he was assassinated

Domestic Achievements

Peace Corps

NASA

Space race to put the US in first place

Associated with huge international blunders (Bay of Pigs)

Bay of Pigs

A controversial decision that the US did not take part in

Many new Americans had just found there way to south florida (from Cuba)

said they just needed someone to light the flame to get the Cuban citizens to revolt against Castro

Aid and train Cuban gorillas to go back to Havana to start a revolution against Castro

technically the US isn’t part of it, although it was mostly them

CIA aided resources

it failed badly and Castro held that over their heads

one of the damaging parts of Kennedy’s presidency

has to keep a more careful eye on Cuba

Cuban Missile Crisis

Stalin died, Khrushchev new leader

The soviets put their missiles in Cuba

October 1962

As a threat to Kennedy and all Americans

Secretly the US reached out and said take your missiles out of Cuba, and we will take ours out of Turkey

Nikita Khrushchev

A soviet leader during the cuban missile crisis

much more open to the west than Stalin

seen at state fairs in Iowa to learn as much about Corn as possible

wanted to switch from wheat to corn

took his shoe off, banged it like a gavel and told US he was going to run us over

Lee Harvey Oswald

Assassinated JFK

Brown vs Board of Education

Would this end segregation?

if the US government and the supreme court have the right to intervene, at what speed should integration be brought in

Integration was to come, segregation was to end

With all deliberate speed

At what speed, what does that mean?

the states choose when they were ready to implement segregation there was no date they had to do it by

they did it slowly

this was a court case that started segregation, but not for 17 years

there was no deadline

1954

In some states this caused public schools to close down

Southern Manifesto

Thurgood Marshall

The cheif attorney for the NAACP in Brown v Board

Rosa Parks

one of the orchestrators of the Montgomery boycott

NAACP paid her bail

they were initially fighting for more seats they decided to end segregation

was already seated in the black section of the bus

North Carolina A&T

HBCU

helped the movement to integrate Woolworths

Woolworths

department store

trying to integrate the food area

4 were arrested first, then 8 came, then 20 people came, then the radio station said come be a part of it

they would not fight back even though people would pour things on them

the local police force claimed they could not go in unless the manager invited them in, and then they arrested the protestors

many people showed up to be against it

US felt forced to act because it was making them look bad

North was saying they have nothing to do with it, that’s the south

Albany

City in Georgia where Laurie Pritchett was the head of police

Laurie Pritchett

Head of police in Albany, GA

Used practical policieism

he met the protestors with handshakes

told the protestors they needed a permit from the city

if you got a permit, then you can protest is what he said

that was not true

The violence happened on the buses and in jail, but no one could see or report this

Birmingham

City in Alabama where Eugene “Bull” Connor was the head of police

cradle of the confederacy

Eugene “Bull” Connor

Police chief

stubborn

someone you don’t want to mess with

used violence

Project C

C for confrontation, and Children

Children wanted to be a part of the movement, very effective

Bull Connor uses very violent ways which is a very bad look against children

March on Washington

August 28, 1963

MLK gave his I have a dream speech

250,000 people show up in DC

Focused on the legacy of the children

A quarter of a million people chanted to pass the act

Civil Rights Act of 1964

will be passed

new participants: the entrance of the working class

growing urgent and militant

Freedom Summer

To ensure the right to vote

June 2, 1964

violence in Philadelphia, Mississippi (Neshoba County)

same tactics… same results as integration

they had safe houses

students learned how to properly fall and how to not throw a punch

3 individuals did not show up to the safe house

Neshoba County

Part of Freedom Summer

3 demonstrators missing

James Chaney, Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman

The three American civil rights workers who were murdered during Freedom Summer by members of the KKK

bodies were found in a local ravine

King constantly refers to these individuals

Black Power

Cultural movement

Urban riots spread across the country

Ideological differences in the black power movement

anger in America

the ideological, cultural movement

Stokely Carmichael

A growing voice coming out of the black power movement

an individual who is becoming more defiant

black power to him is what all Americans should have

Economic power, judicial power, political power, and if need be self defense

Channeling an individual who was around be (Malcolm X)

Malcolm X

1952; renamed himself X to signify the loss of his African heritage; converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims’ most dynamic street orator and recruiter; his beliefs were the basis of a lot of the Black Power movement built on seperationist and nationalists impulsesto achieve true independence and equality

Malcolm Little

Racism and hatred is learned

original name was Malcolm Little

grew up on a farm in Omaha, Nebraska

he thought his father was taken by a white supremacist group and then his mom went crazy and was taken by the white system

made his way to Boston and entered the street life

Elijah Muhammad

takes in Malcolm X and teaches him

Sends him out on the campaign trail not to run for office but just trying to spread the word

he is the leader of the movement

Mecca

City in wester Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion

El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz

The name of Malcolm X when he returned from Mecca

he began to question his beliefs and said race is not the problem

said ethnicity was the problem, but America has a national problem (hatred, racism, history)

Huey Newton and Bobby Seale

Formed the Black Panthers

protection group

formed in Oakland, California

created an organization to defend African Americans

Los Angeles, California Watts crossed the bay to Oakland, where this group will start

10 point platform

Calling for black power/equal rights

economic power

judicial power

political power

the right to housing and jobs

Cesar Chavez

Mexican American

the family lived in the US for generations

served in WWII

originally from Arizona

his family moved to California

enters the US as a veteran

speaks up for migrant farm workers

created a union

the National Farm Workers Association was created by him

like Ghandi, will do hunger strikes for weeks

Bobby Kennedy will come with the support of the department of justice to look into the allocation

United Farm Workers

Died April 23, 1993

Jewish Defense League (JDL)

Jewish Pride, Jewish Self Defense

Rabbi Meir Kahane

starts off in New York

more military, more angry

it is not legal to drive around with shotguns, but they are armed

made its way across the country

do not allow stereotypes to define you

do not allow mainstream anit-semitism

Meir Kahane

leader of the JDL

he got deported'

was a much more extreme group because of this

was the leader of a group who spoke out against Anti-semitism

Red Power

Native American pride and native American self defense

want to change the viewpoints of politicians

at the local level, within communities

Puyallup

Fish-ins of 1964

Leonard Peltier

FBI will raid a premise on Pine Ridge

At the end of the raid, FBI agents will be shot and killed

No one knows who pulled the trigger, the individual was wearing a mask

People in Washington were saying to just “find” someone who did it

Peltier and 2 others charged with murder, no evidence at all

Peltier says he’s leaving and goes to Canada

other 2 stay for trial

Judge dismisses the case, but only for the 2 who were at trial

Peltier was on the run at this point

Richard Oakes

Grad student at San Francisco State University

Knew that in March 1964, a small group rode out to Alcatraz and they claimed it was theirs because of an old federal treaty

In 1969 Oakes said 100 members of AIM should go to Alcatraz and show the power of AIM

they spend the night, then the week

federal government let them stay, said what will they do without food, or running water

More people joined, became a festival of lunacy

Oakes daughter hurt herself so he leaves

federal government makes the rest leave

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Minneapolis

July 1968

Intent: Native American Pride and Self Defense

Tactics: Mobilization, Organization, and Guerilla Theater

Richard Nixon

was the president of Alcatraz

reaching “the silent”

the average american is content and proud, but just doesn’t raise their voice

playing the race card'

middle class values

Elite vs Mainstream

Nixon said we don’t want career politicians, we need more outsiders (although he was a former vice president)

going after the sunbelt

Dick Wilson

Native American

leader at Pine Ridge

has the support of the federal government

AIM would like him removed

leader of goons (his private police force)

AIM wanted him removed and the “goons” eliminated

FBI was called in to keep Dick Wilson in charge to make sure the money continues to come in

Goons

FBI

called in to keep AIM in check because they were riling up the Natives

Keep Dick Wilson in charge and keep the money coming in

Do whatever Dick Wilson wanted

Ho Chi Minh

looks to the US

revolutionary within Vietnam

An individual trying to tear away from the old colonial regime (French government)

Capitalist North Vietnam (Hani is the Capital)

US needs Ho Chi Minh as an ally

US looks at him as an ally to fight the Japanese

Ngo Dinh Diem

South Vietnam; democratic; Capital = Sygon

Thick Quang Duc

calls for a press conference

buddhist monk

no stage or podium

in his 80s

will sit on the side walk, his aid covered him in gasoline and lit him on fire

this was to send a message to the US to show them who they are working with

UCSB student does the same

“next time I will bring the gas for the barbeque”

really bad look for US

Gulf of Tonkin

What officially brings the US into the war

USS Maddox is patrolling off the coast of North Vietnam

USS Maddox

August 1, 1964

sent a report to the pentagon there was a firing but aren’t sure

Johnson goes on and calls them out for shooting at South Vietnam, even though they aren’t sure if they really did

William Westmoreland

Leads 3500 US troops into west Sygon

Support ARVN (south vietnam army)

the US goes on Seek and destroy missions

destroy the enemy

Rolling Thunder

Bombing campaign on the south vietnam

massive bombing campaigns all throughout vietnam

took out the people fighting and the peasants which made them angry and wanted to fight the US

Informal war in the South

formal war on the border

Tet Offensive

People protest the war a lot

12 to 50 in the war resisters league

100,000 people protesting in the streets of DC

LBJ doesn’t like this

Johnson compared the protest to southern gnats, they irritate you but don’t bite, ignore them

took place on the Chinese new year

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The Great Society

The name for President Johnsons version of the Democratic reform program. In 1965, Congress passed many great society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education

Medicaid

Johnsons equivilate to the new deal

helping people in poverty

National Arts and Humanities Act

Funds artists, musicians, writers, and scholars. helps dissemination of art

National Endowment of the Arts

Federal Agency that dispenses tax dollars to fun cultural programs during LBJ presidency

1968 Democratic Convention

The stories that preceded the chaos

August 1968

Riots all throughout the country

violence in the Streets of Chicago make it’s way into the convention

violence in the convention

delegates fighting with delegates

the democrats still won

chicago police force took their badges and name plates off and were all anonymous

Abbie Hoffman

Leader of a “long haired group”

Hippies

One of the Chicago 7

He puts ip a pig as a candidate for president

Young man fighting to end the war

Watergate

June 17, 1972

Plumbers

Sent in during regular hours

G. Gordon Liddy led the plumbers into the hotel to steal the documents

They turn off there electronic devices

They left duct tape on the outside of the door so they got caught and the police arrested the plumbers

Richard Nixon

Slowing integration

shifting power from federal to state government

Dirty tricks?

The illegal activities

Manipulating the media

Extorting them

Nixon is impeached

Guilty of Obstruction of justice, withholding evidence, and illegal use of CIA, FBI, and IRS

no need for this, he had a convincing lead

Austria

Join to work with Hitler

Germany did not have to fire a shot

Paris Falls

June 1940, Paris falls under Hitlers control

France is reduced to make a free france in the south

Bombing of Britain

September 1940

wanted to weaken Great Britain but not a full invasion

weakened German forces

terrible decision

turn attention to East

Pearl Harbor was a 3 prong attack

1st Gun boats and airfields

2nd continued and higher ground

3rd repair facilities

Victory Gardens

Americans could grow their own goods, so the canned goods could be taken

Nylon

Womens pantyhose became hard to get their hands on

Needed nylon for guns

certain companies took notice of this

Rosie the Riveter

Symbolic for women working in factories

Up until now women were not expected in the workplace, especially factories

Double V Campaign

Victory over nazi for all Americans can hopefully lead to victories for African Americans in the south (theory)