Human Anatomy Exam 1

Eponym

associated with the name of a person after whom a structure is named or thought to be named

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of stomach, small and large intestine

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of large intestine

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Cecum, appendix, portions of small intestine, reproductive organs (right ovary in female and right spermatic cord in male), and right ureter

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Most of small intestine, portions of large intestine, left ureter, and reproductive organs (left ovary in female and left spermatic cord in male)

Cephalic

Head

Cervical

Neck

Thoracic

Chest

Brachial

Segment of the upper limb closest to the trunk; the arm

Antebrachial

Forearm

Carpal

Wrists

Manual or Manus

Hand

Abdominal

Abdomen

Pelvic

Pelvis

Pubic

Anterior pelvis

Inguinal

Groin

Lumbar

Lower Back

Gluteal

Buttock

Femoral

Thigh

Patellar

Kneecap

Crural

Leg, from knee to ankle

Sural

Calf

Tarsal

Ankle

Pedal

Foot

Plantar

Sole region of foot

Pericardium

Membrane surrounding heart

Right hypochondriac region

Upper Right Region

Right lumbar region

Right middle region

right inguinal region

bottom right region

Epigastric region

Upper middle region

Umbilical region

Middle region

hypogastric region

Lower middle region

Left hypochondriac region

Left upper region

Left lumbar region

left middle region

left inguinal region

bottom left region

Frontal

Forehead

Orbital

Eyes

Nasal

Nose

Oral

Mouth

Mental

Chin

Sternal

Sternum (middle chest area)

Axillary

Armpit

Mammary

Breasts

Umbilical

Belly button

Inguinal

groin

Otic

Ears

Occipital

Back of the head

Scapular

Shoulder blades

Vertebral

Spinal area

Sacral

Bottom of spine

Perineal

between anus and external genitalia

Acromial

Top of arm

Brachial

arm

Antecubital

anterior elbow

Pollex

thumb

Palmar

Palm

Digital

Fingers and Toes

Coxal

hip

Fibular or peroneal

lateral side of leg

Metatarsals

Bones in the foot

Hallux

Big toe

Olecranal

posterior elbow

Metacarpal

Back of the hand

Popliteal

Back of the knee

Calcaneal

Heel

Frontal or Coronal Plane

Front and back sections

Transverse Plane

Superior and Inferior sections

Sagittal Plane

Left and right sections

Midsagittal

Left and right sections equal

Parasagittal

Left and right side unequal

Cell Junction

Intracellular attachments

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

transmembrane proteins responsible for cell junctions.

Tight Junctions

Impermeable junctions

Form continuous seals around the cell

Prevent molecules from passing between cells

Stomach

Tight Junctions found commonly in:

Desmosomes

Anchoring junctions

Bind adjacent cells together like molecular velcro

Help keep cells from tearing apart

Skin

There are many desmosomes in:

Gap Junctions

Communicating junctions

Allow ions and small molecules to pass from cell to cell

Particularly important in heart cells and embryonic cells

Connexon

Channel between cells in gap junctions

Gap junctions

Necessary for heart function

Desmosomes

Resist damage for stretching and twisting (blister)

Hemidesmosomes

Tie epidermal cells to fibers of the basal lamina

Basal Lamina

an acellular membrane between epidermis and dermis

Pemphigus

Autoimmune disease associated with cell junctions; causes blisters in mouth, esophagus, eyes, nose, vagina, and anus

Epithelial tissue

Covers exposed surfaces

Lines internal passageways and chambers

Produces glandular secretions

Connective tissue

Fills internal spaces

Provides structural support

Stores energy

Muscle tissue

Contracts to produce movement

Includes skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle

Nervous tissue

Conducts electrical impulses

Carries information

Epithelial Tissue

Sheets of cells that cover exposed surfaces, line internal cavities and passageways

Apical Membrane

Part of epithelial tissue that faces the lumen

Basolateral Membrane

Part of epithelial tissue that faces the extracellular fluid

connective tissue

Almost all epithelial cells are supported by:

apical membrane

Tight junctions are very close to the:

Avascularity

Does not contain blood vessels

Regeneration

Epithelial cells have high:

Neuroepithelia

Epithelia found in special sense organs

Microvilli

Absorption and secretion

Cilia

Movement

reproductive organs

Cilia are commonly found in:

Stereocilia

Found in sensory organs (like the inner ear). Long cilia

Simple squamous epithelium