Depth Perception

What is the main problem with depth perception?

What is the main problem with depth perception?

The 3D world is projected onto your 2D retina

depth can’t be coded directly by our retina

How do we learn the connection between cue and depth?

They are learned through experience, we are not born with them

Oculomotor cues

Based on sensing the position of the eyes and muscle tension

Accommodation

Change of the shape of the lens when we focus on objects at different distances

Vergence

Movement of eyes when focusing

(Eyes move closer together when things are closer)

How far away are oculomotor cues useful for?

About a yard

Visual cues

Information comes from environment

Monocular visual cues

Only depend on one eye

Occlusion

Closer things cover things farther away when they overlap in your visual field

Relative height

Ground features that are higher up in the image appear further away

Relative size

If you know objects should be the same size, larger objects appear closer and smaller objects appear farther

Perspective Convergence

Parallel lines will converge together in the distance

Atmospheric Perspective

Distant objects are fuzzy and have a slight blue tint

Texture Gradient

Regularly spaced elements are more closely packed as distance increases

Shadows

Shadows cue where objects are located

Motion Parallax

Close objects change/move quickly, distant objects move slowly

Deletion and Accretion

Deletion is covering an object

Accretion is uncovering an object

Binocular cues

Cues that require 2 eyes

Stereopsis

Objects are projected slightly differently between each eye

(This is how 3D works)

Stereoscope

Device with 2 cameras that makes slightly different viewpoints for 3D

Depth perception in animals

Flat frontal eyes are required for binocular disparity, better for predators

Lateral eyes are better for monitoring the environment, but not as good for depth perception, better for prey

Size constancy

Objects appear to have same size even if they change on the retina

Ames room

Trapezoid shaped room that gives the illusion of one person/object being much longer than the other

Müller-Lyer illusion

Line segments can look longer based on the objects or angles surrounding them