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Energy
The capacity to do work or the amount of work that can be performed by a system.
Internal Energy
The total energy contained within a system due to the kinetic and potential energies of its molecules.
Heat
The form of energy transferred between systems or a system and its surroundings due to a temperature difference.
Work
Energy transfer associated with a force acting through a distance.
First Law of Thermodynamics
A principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
Energy Conversion Efficiencies
A measure of how well energy is converted from one form to another.
Conservation of Energy Principle
The concept that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed in form.
Macroscopic Energy
Energy associated with the motion and position of a system relative to an outside reference frame.
Microscopic Energy
Energy related to the molecular structure and activity of a system.
Kinetic Energy
The energy an object possesses due to its motion.
Potential Energy
The energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field.
Sensible Energy
The part of internal energy related to the temperature of a system.
Latent Energy
The internal energy associated with the phase of a substance, often during phase change without temperature change.
Chemical Energy
The internal energy stored in chemical bonds between atoms.
Nuclear Energy
Energy associated with the strong forces holding protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Electrical Work
Energy transferred when an electrical charge moves through a potential difference.
Thermal Energy
The total internal energy of an object due to the kinetic and potential energies of its particles.
Flow Work
The energy associated with moving fluids due to pressure differences.
Surface Tension Work
Work done to stretch a liquid film, associated with the forces at the liquid-air interfaces.
Adiabatic Process
A process in which no heat is transferred into or out of the system.
Conduction
The transfer of heat energy through a material without the movement of the material itself.
Convection
The transfer of heat between a solid surface and a fluid in motion.
Radiation
The transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves.
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