Ways of the World Chapter 3

List the four types of government found in second-wave civilizations.

1. Empire

2. Democracy

3. Republic

4. Monarchy

What type of government did the Greek empire adopt?

Democracy

Identify the two major cultural centers of Greece.

Athens and Sparta

Why was Greece divided into city-states?

Mountainous landscape prevented unification of Greece as a country.

What was democracy like for Greek citizens?

- Equality for all citizens

- Only the wealthy were given citizenship

- Gradually, lower-class people obtained citizenship and rights

- In many places, tyrants rose up

What was Alexander the Great's most recognizable accomplishment?

Conquered the known world, from Egypt to India in ten years; burned Persepolis, and set Greece and Persia against each other a second time.

Name the most memorable battle of the Greco-Persian wars.

The Battle of Marathon

What was the root cause of Greece and Persia's conflict?

The "mighty empire of Persia" was trying to expand territory; however, the Greeks didn't like that idea.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Marathon?

Greece won. Persia was embarrassed, but no harm done. However, the victory was a cause for celebration among the Greeks.

What major cultural events stemmed from Greece's victory over Persia?

The Hellenistic era: development of Greek theater, building of the Parthenon, early Greek philosophy(Socrates, Aristotle, Plato).

True or False: A Macedonian named Philip II took over Greece.

True

What type of government did Persia adopt?

Monarchy

How large was the Persian Empire?

It reached from Egypt to India

True or False: Persians had no respect for non-Persian culture and traditions.

False. Respect for non-Persian culture actually solidified the states' authority.

Which second-wave empire was the most extravagant?

Persa

Describe the infrastructure of Persian government.

-Standardized coinage

- Predictable, low taxes

- Roads and canals

What was the capital of the Persian empire?

Persepolis

What was the hierarchy of governmental systems in Rome, from first wave to second wave?

City-State -> Monarchy -> Republic -> Empire

True or false, while the Roman emperor denied the title of emperor, he was emperor in actuality.

True

Which was deemed better: to deny your culture and become a Roman citizen, or to resist the empire and stay true to culture?

Roman citizenship was highly valued. Citizens had privileges and safeties that non-citizens were not given.

Who was emperor Shihuangdi?

The first emperor of China and the founder of Legalism. He laid the foundations for a unified Chinese state. However, his dynasty collapsed because it was too violent.

Did China have a form of government, and if so, which type did it adopt?

No. China was divided into rival kingdoms.

In what ways are Rome and China similar?

- Both defined themselves in universal terms("entire world", "under heaven",)

- Both ruling dynasties claimed divinity

- Both absorbed different religions (Rome - Christianity; China - Buddhism)

- Romans were a minority in their society, and chinese eventually became so.

- Negatively affected the environment

What was India's government like?

Fragmented collection of towns and cities, containing small republics. Some were rulled by kings.

What was the Mauryan empire most famous for?

Its emperor, Ashoka, who was an "enlightened" ruler. There lies in existence a record and an edict of his reign.