Anatomy and Physiology for Radiography UNIT 8 Test (Vertebral Column)

Cervical

True - Movable, 7

Thoracic

True - Movable, 12

Lumbar

True - Movable, 5

Sacrum

False - Fixed, 5 fused

Coccyx

False - Fixed, 3-5 incomplete

How many bones are in the vertebral column in total?

33 vertebrae

List the characteristics of atypical vertebrae: Body

anterior mass of bone

List the characteristics of atypical vertebrae: Vertebral arch

posterior ring-like portion (pedicle, transverse process, articular process, lamina, spinous process)

List the parts of the vertebral arch:

pedicle, transverse process, articular process, lamina, spinous process

List the characteristics of atypical vertebrae: Vertebral foramen

encloses spinal cord

List the characteristics of atypical vertebrae: Intervertebral disks

separate adjacent bodies

List the characteristics of atypical vertebrae: Vertebral notch

forms intervertebral foramina (transmission of spinal nerves and blood vessels)

Anatomical Characteristics: Cervical: C1

ring-shaped, transverse atlantal ligament, anterior/posterior arch

C1 aka...

atlas

Anatomical Characteristics: Cervical: C2

has dens / odontoid

C2 aka...

axis

Anatomical Characteristics: Cervical: C7

prominent spinous process

C7 aka...

vertebra prominens

Each cervical vertebra has:

bifid spinous process; transverse foramen for vertebral artery & vein

Cervical Intervertebral Foramina:

45º anterior angle, 15º inferior angle

Anatomical Characteristics: Thoracic

has costal facet on body and transverse process for rib attachment; spinous processes are directed inferiorly

Anatomical Characteristics: Lumbar

Largest of individual vertebrae; spinous processes directed horizontally

At what angle are the lumbar apophyseal joints directed from the coronal plane to the mid-sagittal plane of the body?

30-60º

superior articular process

1. Ear

transverse process

2. Snout

pedicle

3. Eye

pars interarticularis

4. Neck

lamina

5. Body

inferior articular process

6. Front Leg

What is the radiologic importance of Scotty's neck?

A break in Scotty's neck indicates a condition known as "spondylolysis".

What structures meet to form an apophyseal joint?

axis and atlas

two vertebral bodies

two transverse processes

superior and inferior articular processes

superior and inferior articular processes

Choose the structures that form the atlanto-occipital joint:

atlas

axis

occipital base

occipital condyles

atlas, occipital condyles

Choose the two structures that form a costotransverse joint:

tubercle of a rib

head of a rib

body of a vertebrae

transverse process of a vertebrae

tubercle of a rib, transverse process of a vertebrae

T/F The xiphoid process is at the level of T5-T6.

False

Choose the two structures that form a costovertebral joint:

tubercle of a rib

head of a rib

body of a vertebrae

transverse process of a vertebrae

head of a rib, body of a vertebrae

Which vertebra is called the prominens due to its long sponous process?

T1

C3

L2

C7

C7

Which two divisions display a kyphotic curve?

cervical

thoracic

pelvic

lumbar

thoracic, pelvic

Which part of an intervertebral disk is the outer fibrocaratilaginous disk?

annulus fibrosus

nucleus pulposus

annulus cartosis

fibromeatus discus

annulus fibrosus

The vertebral artery and vein in the cervical region pass through the:

vertebral foramen

apophyseal joint

intervertebral foramina

transverse foramina

transverse foramina

body

What is letter G?

spinous process

lamina

body

dens

A herniation of meninges through an opening in the vertebral column:

kyphosis

lordosis

meningocele

lumbarization

meningocele

posterior arch

What is letter D?

posterior arch

anterior arch

lamina

pedicle

T/F The medial atlantoaxial joint is between the superior and inferior articular processes of C1 and C2.

True

Which term describes anterior displacement of one vertebra over another?

spondylolysis

sacralization

lumbarization

spondylolisthesis

spondylolisthesis

At what angle are the apophyseal joints of the lumbar area directed from the coronal plane to the median sagittal plane of the body?

15 degrees

45 degrees

30-60 degrees

20-30 degrees

30-60 degrees

This vertebrae is ring shaped,

axis

atlas

cervical prominens

none of the above

atlas

What name describes a bony defect of the pars interarticularis?

spondylolisthesis

spondylolysis

meningocele

sacralization

spondylolysis

The frayed end of the spinal cord is the:

caudal equinox

caudad equal

cauda equina

caudle equila

cauda equina

pedicle

What is letter E?

pedicle

lamina

inferior articular process

transverse process

How many total vertebral segments make up the vertebral column?

27

33

38

44

33

T/F The body of a vertebra is anterior to the spinous process.

True

The sternal angle is at the level of:

C7-T1

T2-T3

T4-T5

T9-T10

T4-T5

At what angle are the intervertebral foramina of the cervical area directed anteriorly?

15 degrees

30 degrees

45 degrees

60 degrees

45 degrees

T/F The jugular notch is at the level of T2-T3.

True

Which surface marking matches the S1-S2?

iliac crest

AIIS

greater trochanter

ASIS

ASIS

Which two divisions display a lordotic curve?

cervical

thoracic

pelvic

lumbar

cervical, lumbar

Where does rotation of the head take place?

between the cranium and C1

between C1-C2

between the cranium and C2

between C6 and C7

between C1-C2

What term is an abnormal lateral curve of the vertebral column?

lordosis

spondylolysis

scoliosis

kyphosis

scoliosis

Where does the spinal cord end?

T11-T12

L1-L2

T7-T8

L4-L5

L1-L2

zygopophyseal joint

What does the red line represent?

intervertebral foramen

zygopophyseal joint

intervertebral body

costovertebral joint

Which vertebral group has costovertebral joint facets?

cervical

thoracic

lumbar

pelvic

thoracic

The intervertebral discs make up approximately ___ of the length of the vertebral column.

1/3

1/4

2/3

1/2

1/4

T/F The vertebral column encloses and protects the spinal cord.

True

Which vertebrae are considered false?

thoracic

coccyx

lumbar

cervical

coccyx

Three of these names can be used interchangeably to describe the same joint; choose the name that doesn't fit with those three:

interarticular

intervertebral

zygapophyseal

apophyseal

intervertebral

Spinal nerves and blood vessels in the cervical region pass through the:

vertebral foramen

apophyseal joint

intervertebral foramina

transverse foramina

intervertebral foramina

At what angle are the intervertebral foramina of the cervical area directed inferiorly?

15 degrees

30 degrees

45 degrees

60 degrees

15 degrees

Which surface marking matches C4?

mastoid tip

jugular notch

hyoid bone

xiphoid process

hyoid bone

thoracic

What vertebral level is represented here?

cervical

thoracic

lumbar

pelvic

Where is an intervertebral disk located?

in an apophyseal joint

between two vertebral spinous processes

in the cervical foramina

between two vertebral bodies

between two vertebral bodies

T/F The coccyx is made of 5 fused segments.

False

What term is an exaggerated kyphotic curve, occurring in the thoracic area?

meningocele

spondylolysis

scoliosis

kyphosis

kyphosis

Which joint is formed by the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae?

SI

vertebral

zygapophyseal

lumbosacral

zygapophyseal

Name the joint between two vertebral bodies:

vertebral body joint

apophyseal joint

interarticular joint

intervertebral joint

intervertebral joint

What name is given to the large opening on a typical vertebra that encloses the spinal cord?

vertebral foramen

What name is given to the opening formed by the articulation of a vertebral notch with adjacent vertebra and what passes through this opening?

invertebral foramina, spinal nerves and blood vessels

Describe the location of intervertebral disks

between adjacent bodies

Which cervical vertebra is known at the atlas?

C1

Which cervical vertebra is known at the axis?

C2

Which vertebra is known as the vertebra prominens?

C7

Which division of the vertebral column will reveal the Scotty Dog in a oblique view?

Lumbar

Which division of the vertebral column has rib attachment?

Thoracic

At what angle are the apophyseal joints of the lumbar directed from the coronal plane to the mid-sagittal plane?

30-60 degrees

At what angle are the intervertebral foramina of the cervical area directed?

45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly

What name is given to the large opening on a typical vertebra that encloses the spinal cord?

vertebral foramen

What name is given to the opening formed by the articulation of a vertebral notch with adjacent vertebra and what passes through this opening?

invertebral foramina, spinal nerves and blood vessels

Describe the location of intervertebral disks

between adjacent bodies

Which cervical vertebra is known at the atlas?

C1

Which cervical vertebra is known at the axis?

C2

Which vertebra is known as the vertebra prominens?

C7

Which division of the vertebral column will reveal the Scotty Dog in a oblique view?

Lumbar

Which division of the vertebral column has rib attachment?

Thoracic

At what angle are the apophyseal joints of the lumbar directed from the coronal plane to the mid-sagittal plane?

30-60 degrees

At what angle are the intervertebral foramina of the cervical area directed?

45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly

List the functions of the vertebral column

encloses and protects the spinal cord, acts as support for trunk and skull, provides attachment for ribs and muscles of the back

Which two divisions of the vertebral column are described as lordotic and secondary?

cervical, lumbar

Which two divisions of the vertebral column are described as kyphotic and primary?

thoracic, pelvic

Which curvature is convex anteriorly?

lordotic

Which curvature is concave anteriorly?

kyphotic

What name is given to the articulation of the lumbar vertebrae with the sacrum?

lumbosacral joint (L5/S1)