The Reformation and Its Key Figures

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the Reformation, its main figures, and the historical context surrounding the movement.

Reformation

A movement in the 16th century aimed at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church.

Martin Luther

A key figure in the Reformation who challenged the Catholic Church's practices and authored the 95 Theses.

95 Theses

A document written by Martin Luther that criticized the Catholic Church's practices, particularly the sale of indulgences.

Indulgences

Certificates sold by the Catholic Church that promised the reduction of punishment for sins.

Heresy

Religious belief or opinion that is contrary to the orthodox doctrine of the Church.

The Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, which aimed to reform the Church and counter the spread of Protestantism.

Council of Trent

A council called by Pope Paul III to address abuses and clarify Catholic doctrine.

Anglican Church

The church established by Henry VIII in England, separate from the Roman Catholic Church.

Protestants

Followers of the Reformation who broke away from the Catholic Church, forming various new denominations.

Catholic Church's wealth

During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church controlled about one-third of the land in Europe, leading to criticisms of its riches.

Katharina Von Bora

Martin Luther’s wife, a former nun who played a role in the Protestant movement by marrying Luther.

Bloody Mary

The nickname for Mary I of England, known for her persecution of Protestants during her reign.

Elizabeth I

The successor to Mary I, she established the Protestant Church of England as the state religion.