Later Middle Ages

What was the Pope in the head of?

Christian Churches of western Europe

Why did the Pope have great power?

So many people belonged to the church

Seen as God’s representative

Pope

What can the Pope do?

Casts people from the church, excommunicates his enemies

What type of power did the Popes have?

Political and Spiritual power

Divided into many small states

Europe

Empires where all kings were rulers

England, France, Holy Roman empire

What did Kings inherit their titles from?

their Fathers

What did Kings do?

Kept order through alliances and warfare

Who could the Pope approve?

leaders and kings of Rome

What did Pope Leo IX believe?

That all christians should answer to the Pope

Who disagreed with Pope Leo and in result made him excommunicated?

Bishop of Constantinople

What happened to the church?

it created a permanent split

What happened to the rest of the church?

it became a Roman Catholic church

Roman Catholic Church

Most powerful figures in Western Europe

What happened when Pope Gregory came to power?

He disapproved of a bishop chosen by the Holy Roman empire

What happened when Henry got angry?

He tried to have the Pope removed

What did the Pope do to Henry?

Excommunicated him

What did Henry do to be let back into the church?

Henry begged and made the Pope more powerful

Crusades

Long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia

What happened for the control of Palenstine?

Wars

What was considered the Holy Land and why?

Palenstine because it was the birthplace of Jesus

Who was in the hands of Turkish muslims

Palenstine and Jerusalem

Who did the Turks attack in the Holy Land?

Christian pilgrims

What did the Turks raid?

The Byzantine empire

Who did the Pope call for help?

Roman Catholic church

What did Pope Urban ll call on the Christians to do?

To retake the Holy Land

How many men came to fight?

5,000

What did the men who came to fight do?

sewed crosses on their clothing to represent God

Crusade

marked with a cross

Who did the Crusaders attack and why?

attacked Jews and blamed them for the death of Jesus

Who did the Turks kill?

killed most of the untrained and ill-equipped peasants

Who did the nobles and knights defeat?

Muslim army

What did the Crusaders set up?

Four small kingdoms

Who did the Crusaders begin trading with?

Europe

What did the Rulers of kingdoms create?

Lord and Vassal system

What were the Crusaders prepared to do?

Fight in the desert climate

What happened to the Christians during the war?

The were outnumbered and had poor leadership

What grew between Europe and Asia?

Trade

What was brought to Europe?

Muslim ideas

Why did Knights and nobles increased their power?

Others had died in the Crusades war

What grew between Christians and Jews

Distrust

What developed between Christians and Muslims?

Mutual respect

What did some Crusaders see Muslims as?

Unbelievers who threatened innocent Christians

What did some Muslims see the Crusaders as?

Vicious invaders

Excommunicate

To cast out from the church

Hundred Years’ War

A long conflict between England and France

Pope Gregory Vll

Pope that came to power in 1073

Joan of arc

Teenage peasant girl that rallied the French troops

Emperor Henry lV

Bishop chosen by the Holy Roman empire

Black Death

A deadly plague that swept through Europe

Crusades

Long series of wars between the Christians and Muslims

Holy Land

Region where Jesus had lived, preached, and died

Pope Urban ll

Head of Roman Catholic church

King Richard

King of England 1400

Saladian

The leader of the Muslim forces

Clergy

Church officials

Religious order

a group of people who dedicated their lived to religion and followed rules

Friars

people who belonged to religious orders but lived and worked among the public

Natural law

A law that governed how the world operated beliefs

Magna Carta

A document that required the king to honor certain rights

Parliament

the highest law-making body in the UK