Vertigo Moody final exam study guide pt1

What is the study of life and all its forms?

Biology

What do you call all members of one species in an area?

Population

What is a community of populations plus their physical environment?

Ecosystem

What are the basic units of matter?

Atoms

What is the area of Earth where life exists?

Biosphere

What is the basic unit of life?

Cell

What do you call two or more atoms combined?

Molecules

What is the joining of organ systems to form one organism?

Organism

What is a group of similar organisms able to interbreed?

Species

What is the capacity to do work?

Energy

What are all chemical reactions in a cell or organism called?

Metabolism

What is the state of biological balance?

Homeostasis

What are inheritable genetic changes called?

Mutations

What are traits that help organisms survive better?

Adaptations

What is the process of populations changing over many generations?

Evolution

What is the science of identifying and grouping organisms?

Taxonomy

What is a system allowing control of variables in an experiment?

Model

What is the application of science to human interests?

Technology

What is anything with mass that takes up space?

Matter

What is the amount of heat required to raise 1g of water by 1°C?

Calorie

What is a protein that speeds up reactions?

Enzyme

What do you call all living organisms in an area?

Community

What is the body of knowledge humans have built over time?

Science

What are used mainly for energy?

Carbohydrates

What are fats and oils classified as?

Lipids

What is starch classified as?

Carbohydrates

What are DNA and RNA classified as?

Nucleic acids

What are proteins broken into?

Amino acids

What are enzymes made of?

Proteins

What are venom and toxins made of?

Proteins

What are lipids made of?

Fatty acids

What is the correct order of levels of organization?

Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem

What happens to stored energy when organisms die?

Chemicals lose organization without energy input

What is the connection between science and technology?

Technology is the application of science

What is the role of valence electrons?

They are involved in bonding and determine reactivity

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Ionic = transfer between metal & nonmetal; covalent = share between nonmetals

What is the relationship of solution, solute, and solvent?

Solute dissolves in solvent

What is an example of potential energy?

All listed (apple, milk, Snickers)

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Polar = unequal sharing; nonpolar = equal sharing

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated = no double bonds, solid; unsaturated = double bonds, liquid

What is the difference between peptide, polypeptide, and protein?

Peptide = short chain; polypeptide = long chain; protein = functional folded structure

What is the role of nucleic acids?

Store genetic info & help make proteins

What does a graph showing B and C represent?

B = activation energy; C = energy of products

Do enzymes slow reactions?

False

What is NOT a characteristic of life?

Composed of three or more cells

What is a reasonable hypothesis regarding petting cats?

Petting purring cats may reduce stress

What is the link between evolution and natural selection?

Natural selection is one way populations evolve

What are carbon-based molecules called?

Organic molecules

What is the role of waxes?

Waterproof/protective coating

What is the process of removing water to form molecules?

Dehydration synthesis

What is the main role of ATP?

Main energy carrier for cell processes

What are the calorie values for fats, carbs, and proteins?

9, 4, 4

What cannot be broken down chemically?

Elements

What are hydrophobic molecules?

Lipids

What are the parts of an atom in the nucleus?

Neutrons & protons

What is sharing electrons called?

Covalent bond

What is transferring electrons called?

Ionic bond

What makes table salt?

Ionic bond

What forms biological molecules?

Covalent bond

What is food on a plate an example of?

Potential energy

What is running a marathon an example of?

Kinetic energy

What is a natural gas container an example of?

Potential energy

What is pushing a car an example of?

Kinetic energy

What are the roles of proteins?

Support, defense, motion

What are processes that consume energy and build molecules called?

Anabolism

What controls cell activities?

Nucleus

What manufactures proteins?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What makes energy in animal cells?

Mitochondrion

What is the site of photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

What makes lipids?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What packages and modifies proteins?

Golgi apparatus

What is the total magnification of 10x × 100x?

1000

What are color vision cells called?

Cone cells

What does letter B on a microscope refer to?

Objective

What does letter C on a microscope refer to?

Fine adjustment

What is the sum of all chemical processes?

Metabolism

What transports materials?

Vesicle

What is the border of a cell called?

Plasma membrane

What is the rigid structure of a plant cell?

Cell wall

What is the interior of a cell with organelles called?

Cytoplasm

What is the first step of the scientific method?

Observation

What does NOT support cell theory?

Cells arise through spontaneous generation

Could a tongue roller with unattached earlobes and a non-tongue roller with attached earlobes have a non-tongue-roller with attached earlobes?

Yes; TtEe; ttee

Who used X-ray diffraction to discover DNA shape?

Rosalind Franklin

Who discovered the phenomenon leading to DNA discovery in the 1920s?

Frederick Griffith

What is the physical expression of alleles called?

Phenotype

What type of disorder does achondroplasia result in?

Dwarfism; dominant autosomal

What do lost fat in a strict diet and exercise leave the body as?

CO2 and H2O

What function is NOT included in the Citric Acid Cycle?

Adding electrons/protons to oxygen to form water

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Why is ATP important?

Energizes molecules by transferring phosphate groups; phosphate bonds easily formed/broken

What process decreases entropy?

Dehydration synthesis

What is true for exergonic reactions?

Products have less free energy than reactants

What is the interaction of ER, ribosomes, and Golgi in protein export?

Ribosomes on ER make protein → travel through ER → packaged by Golgi for export

Why do enzyme reactions stop at high temperature?

Enzyme polypeptide chains denature

What do CAM plants do to synthesize sugar?

Fix CO2 into organic acids at night

What type of plant is sugarcane and corn?

C4

What does a karyotype show?

Down syndrome

What is the status of magnesium oxide (Mg and O)?

Mg oxidized; O reduced

What type of plants are drought-tolerant and high-temperature resistant?

CAM