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What are the main types of mature bone cells and their functions?

Osteocytes maintain bone matrix, Osteoblasts build up bone, and Osteoclasts break down bone matrix.

What hormone activates osteoblasts when blood calcium is high?

Calcitonin.

What happens when blood calcium levels are low?

Osteoclasts are activated to break down bone matrix, raising blood calcium levels.

What is the epiphyseal plate and its function?

It consists of layers of cartilage and is where bone growth in length occurs.

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate contains stem cells?

Zone of resting cartilage.

What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

It is a storage area for lipids found in the medullary cavity of long bones.

What is spongy bone composed of?

It consists of small bars of bone called trabeculae.

What is the significance of trabeculae in spongy bone?

Trabeculae help distribute weight over a larger surface area.

What are osteons?

Circular structures in compact bone that contain blood vessels and nerves.

What is the process that occurs when a bone breaks?

Hemorrhage occurs, leading to a hematoma, then thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin to form a clot.

What is a fossa?

A shallow indent in bone that accommodates muscles.

What are the primary classes of bones?

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and seasmoid bones.

What is a tuberosity?

An outgrowth of bone that creates a bulge for tendon/ligament attachment.

Where are epicondyles found and what is their function?

They are small round knobs above the condyle, forming joints with other bones.

What is the role of osteoblasts during bone repair?

Osteoblasts build up bone matrix to seal the break after a fracture.

What type of bone is the patella classified as?

Seasmoid bone.

What do osteoclasts do?

They break down bone matrix.

How do bones grow in girth?

Osteoclasts break down the endosteum while osteoblasts build up the periosteum.