Review of Period Three Key Concepts

Flashcards based on the key concepts covered in the lecture notes regarding period three of American history.

What were the two main causes of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)?

Territorial competition within North America, particularly the Ohio River Valley.

Who were the major opposing sides in the French and Indian War?

The British and colonial armies versus the French and their Native American allies.

What was the outcome of the Seven Years' War for France?

France lost the vast majority of its North American land holdings, retaining only Haiti.

What did Pontiac's Rebellion lead to regarding colonial expansion?

The Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

What was the main purpose of the Stamp Act Congress formed by the colonies?

To petition the British government for the repeal of the Stamp Act.

What is ex post facto law as described in the context of the Stamp Act?

A law that applies retroactively to events that occurred before the law was enacted.

What event is referred to as the Boston Massacre?

An incident in which British soldiers killed several colonists, marked as the first bloodshed leading to the revolution.

What was the Boston Tea Party a response to?

The Tea Act, which gave the East India Company a monopoly on tea sales.

What were the Intolerable Acts?

British laws aimed at punishing the colonies, including closing Boston Harbor and requiring quartering of troops.

What significant event did the First Continental Congress precede?

The battles of Lexington and Concord.

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

A last effort by the colonists to propose peace to King George III, which was ignored.

Who were the primary foreign allies of the United States during the American Revolution?

The French, followed by Morocco, Spain, and the Dutch.

What major weaknesses were inherent in the Articles of Confederation?

Lack of a judicial and executive branch, inability to tax, and each state having its own currency.

What triggered Shay's Rebellion?

Inability of farmers to pay debts, leading to shutdowns of debtors' courts.

What are the Federalist Papers?

Essays written to promote the ratification of the Constitution.

What did Federalist No. 10 argue?

Factions are harmful to society but can be controlled through a large republic.

What led to the passing of the Bill of Rights?

Concerns by Anti-Federalists that the Constitution did not protect individual liberties.

What did the Tenth Amendment establish regarding powers not delegated to the federal government?

Those powers are reserved to the states.

What was the significance of the Alien and Sedition Acts?

They restricted immigration and limited free speech, raising concerns about constitutional rights.

What marked the end of Adam's presidency?

The emergence of Jefferson as president, ending Federalist control.

What was the outcome of the XYZ Affair?

Increased tensions with France but no official war; led to the Quasi-War.

What does the term 'midnight judges' refer to?

Judges appointed by John Adams in an effort to maintain Federalist influence before he left office.