HOSPITAL PHARMACY PRELIM (LEC)

Hospital

It is an organized structure that pools together all the health professions, the diagnostic and therapeutic facilities, equipment and supplies, and the physical facilities into a coordinated system for delivering health care to the public.

Hospital

An institution where the injured or ill may receive medical, surgical or psychiatric treatment, nursing, care, food and lodging.

6

American Hospital Association: Minimum number of beds to qualify as a hospital is

Hospital definition according to DOH

a place devoted primarily to the maintenance of and operation of health facilities for the diagnosis, treatment, and care of individuals suffering from illness, disease, injury or deformity or in need of obstetrical or other surgical, medical and nursing care

twenty-four hour use or longer

A hospital shall also be construed as any institution, building, or place where there are installed beds, cribs or bassinets for _____or______ by patients in the treatment of diseases

Clinic

Facility where ambulatory patient (out-patient) are seen by appointment, treatment by a group of physicians practicing together operational diagnosis facility

Ambulatory surgery center

Facility where patient are admitted for minor surgical procedures and discharged afterwards

Same Day, Ambulatory

Outpatient surgery, also called “_________” or _______ surgery, occurs when the patient is expected to go home the same day as the surgery. Outpatient surgery is increasingly possible due to advances in sedation, pain management and surgical techniques

Birthing homes

Special type of health care facility; Maternity services on pre and post natal care, normal, spontaneous delivery and care of newborn babies.

Birthing center

are an integrated part of the health care system and are guided by principles of prevention, sensitivity, safety, appropriate medical intervention and cost-effectiveness. While the practice of midwifery and the support of physiologic birth and newborn transition may occur in other settings

patient, wellness, education and research

4 main functions of a hospital

Patient

A hospital focus on diagnosis and treatment, Preventive Medicine, Rehabilitation and Convalescent Care.

Wellness

Reduction of incidence of illness. WHO Definition: “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

Education

Education of medical and allied health professions. For patient and healthcare professionals

Research

Advancement of medical knowledge. To improve hospital services

team effort

Healthcare is a _______________. Each healthcare provider is like a member of the team with a special role. Doctors diagnose disease.

Primordial

Consist of actions and measures that inhibits the emergence of risk factors in the form of environmental, social, economic and cultural patterns of living that are known to contribute to evaluated risks Earliest stage of development Prevention is through individual and mass education.

Primary prevention

Taken to prevent disease in a well person, and who does not have the disease. Population-strategy versus high-risk individual strategy. It can be define as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will occur. It may be accomplish by measures of health promotion and specific protection

Good nutrition

Adequate clothing

Shelter

General health promotion technique

Protection against occupational hazard

Immunization

Environmental sanitation

Specific protective measure (3)

Immunization

-This is a process of giving a vaccine to a person to protect them against disease

anaphylaxis

an action to prevent a disease

Secondary prevention

Early detection and prompt treatment of disease. Value of disease screening. Protect, restore, arrest and treat

Tertiary Prevention

Reduction and Limitation of disability and rehabilitation It is used when the disease has advance beyond its early stage

Government/public

Created by law They are owned, administered and controlled by the government They provide free medical care for patients (hospital classification)

Private

They are owned or controlled by an individual or group or by private organization. (hospital classification)

General Hospital

Provides services for ALL KINDS of illness, diseases, injuries or deformities

⚬ Philippine General Hospital

⚬ St. Lukes Medical Center

⚬ Southern Philippines Medical Center

Specialty Hospital

Specializes in a particular disease/condition or in one type of patient

⚬ San Lazaro (Infectious Disease)

⚬ Philippines Orthopedic Center

⚬ Fabella Memorial Hospital (OB, Maternal and Newborn)

trauma

is an emotional response to a terrible event like an accident, rape, or natural disaster. Immediately after the event, shock and denial are typical. Longer term reactions include unpredictable emotions, flashbacks, strained relationships, and even physical symptoms like headaches or nausea. ⚬ Most extreme injuries

trauma center

refer to an emergency department without the presence of specialized services to care for victims of major trauma. a hospital equipped and staffed to provide care for patients suffering from major traumatic injuries such as falls, motor vehicle collisions, or gunshot wounds.

less than 30 days

in short term The average length of stay of the patient is _____________ and caters patients with acute conditions and emergency cases.

more than 30 days

The average length of stay of the patient is _____________ and caters patients with long-term illnesses

LARGE

more than 1000 beds

MEDIUM

500 - 1000 beds

SMALL

100 - 500 beds

VERY SMALL

less than 100

200

At least _____ beds to be classified as Tertiary Hospitals

Level 1

(FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY) must have, at the minimum, an operating room, a recovery room, maternity facilities, isolation facilities, a clinical laboratory, an imaging facility and a pharmacy, all of which should be licensed by the Department of Health (DOH).

Level 2

(FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY) includes minimum health care services and additional offers extra facilities like intensive care unit and specialist doctors.

Level 3

(FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY) refers to a hospital which has been particularly selected to provide tertiary hospital services, with teaching, training and research functions.

CATEGORY A (Primary care facility)

offers basic services including emergency service and provision for normal deliveries. (Category)

Examples:

• Dental Clinic

• Infirmary

• Birthing Home

• Medical Out-Patient Clinic

CATEGORY B (custodial care facility)

provide non-medical care. (category)

Examples:

• Custodial Psychiatric Care Facility

• Substance/Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation

• Sanitarium (An establishment for the medical treatment of people who are convalescing or have chronic illness.)

• Nursing Homes

CATEGORY C (Diagnostic/Therapeutic Facility)

examines the human body or specimens from the human body for the diagnosis, sometimes treatment of diseases (category)

Examples:

• Laboratory Facility

• Radiologic Facility

• Nuclear Medicine Facility

CATEGORY D (Specialized out-patient facility)

perform highly specialized procedures on an out-patient basis

Examples

• Dialysis Clinic

• Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center/Clinic

• Oncology Chemotherapeutic Center/Clinic

Long term health facility

Provides medical, comprehensive, preventive, rehabilitative, social, spiritual, and emotional in-patient care to individuals (health institution type)

Resident treatment Facility

Facility providing safe, hygienic, and living arrangements for residents. (health institution type)

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

A public or private organization that provides and/or manages comprehensive health services to individuals enrolled in the health plan (health institution type)

• Location: Brgy. Sto. Nino, Marikina City

• Classification: General

• Level: 3

• Bed Capacity: 413 (2019)

• Trauma Center- Trauma Capable

AMANG RODRIGUEZ MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER desc.

• Location: Alabang Muntinlupa

• Classification: Specialty

• Level: 3

• Bed Capacity: 41 (2019)

RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE desc.

RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE

The function of this hospital is to undertake research in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tropical diseases of public health importance and to produce vaccines for the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. (HOSPITAL IN NCR)

• Location: East Avenue Diliman Quezon City

• Classification: General

• Level: 3

• Bed Capacity: 800 (2019)

• Trauma Center- Trauma Capable

EAST AVENUE MEDICAL CENTER desc.

• Location: Sta. Cruz, Manila

• Classification: Specialty

• Level: 3

• Bed Capacity: 500 (2019)

SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL

SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL

It is a special national hospital medical center for Infectious Diseases. It is involved in health care delivery service, especially for the poor suffering from infectious diseases. (HOSPITALS IN NCR)

• Location: Sta. Cruz, Manila

• Classification: Specialty

• Level: 3

• Bed Capacity: 496 (2019)

DR. JOSE FABELLA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL desc.

DR. JOSE FABELLA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL

It is the National Maternity Hospital in NCR. It is a maternal and newborn tertiary hospital. (HOSPITALS IN NCR)

• Location: Mauway, Mandaluyong

• Classification: Specialty

• Level: 3

• Bed Capacity: 3500 (2019)

• Long -Term

NATIONAL CENTER FOR MENTAL HEALTH desc.

NATIONAL CENTER FOR MENTAL HEALTH

It is dedicated to delivering preventive, curative and rehabilitative mental health care services. (HOSPITALS IN NCR)

• Location: E. Rodriguez St. Ave. Damayang Lagi, Quezon City

• Classification: Specialty

• Level: 3

• Bed Capacity: 200 (2019)

NATIONAL CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL desc.

NATIONAL CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL

It is a special tertiary and training hospital that provides quality care to children 0-19 yrs old. (HOSPITALS IN NCR)

• Location: Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City

• Classification: Specialty

• Level: 3

• Bed Capacity: 564 (2019)

PHILIPPINE ORTHOPEDIC CENTER desc.

PHILIPPINE ORTHOPEDIC CENTER

It specializes in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders and serves as a center for trauma and orthopedics (HOSPITALS IN NCR)

• Location: JP Rizal Project 4 Quezon City

• Classification: General

• Level: 3

• Bed Capacity: 500 (2019)

• Trauma Center

QUIRINO MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER desc.

Open staff

One in which certain physicians are allowed to use the private room facilities, provided that they comply with all rules and regulations of the institution

Closed staff

One in which all professional services, private and charity are provided and controlled by the attending physician

Honorary Medical Staff

Retired or emeritus practitioners. Former staff members, retired or emeritus, and of other practitioners whom the medical staff chooses to honor. Honor due to outstanding contribution

Consulting Medical Staff

Gives advice to the active staff, but not member of the staff. Specialists Medical practitioners of recognized professional ability, Specialists:

⚬ Pass specialty board

⚬ Member of a specialty organization/society

Attending Medical Staff

Most Active. Involve in patient care. “Active” medical staff. Regular patient care: responsible for taking care of patient and who has direct involvement with the staff organizational and administrative duties

Associate Medical Staff

“Junior”; Being considered for advancement to the active medical staff

Courtesy Medical Staff

Not a member but allowed to attend a private patient

Resident Medical Staff

Full time, Offer patient care in exchange to training

Organizational Structure

refers to levels of management within a hospital. Levels allow efficient management of hospital departments. The structure helps one understand the hospital’s chain of command.

Hospital Administrators

are responsible for organizing and overseeing the health services and daily activities of a hospital or healthcare facility. They manage staff and budgets, communicate between departments, and ensure adequate patient care amongst other duties.

In patient

means that the procedure requires the patient to be admitted to the hospital primarily so that he/she can be monitored during the procedure and afterwards during recovery

Nursing Department

department that consist of nursing services and nursing education in which aim is to provide comprehensive, safe and well organized nursing care.

Pharmacy Department

department that has the responsibility for purchasing, compounding, storing, dispensing all the drugs in the hospital and provide pharmaceutical care to the patient.

Central sterile supply department

This department is in charge of keeping and providing all the instruments used in the hospital clean and sterilized to avoid spreading of infections throughout the hospital.

House Keeping

This department is in charge of keeping the hospital clean and neat and ensures the proper disposal of medical waste according to strict hospital disposal procedures.

Medical Social Work

This department manned with medical social workers help patient and their families deal with psychosocial issues and stresses related to coping with illness and maintain health.

Rehabilitation Department

This department deals with patients who have functional disabilities resulting from disease or injuries.

Nutrition and Dietetics department/ Nutrition Services Department

this department has the responsibility for the food service to the patient according to their needs and doctor’s prescription (including special type of diets like LSLF diet, Soft diet, BRAT diet and DAT)

Radiology Department

this department has the responsibility of diagnosing several conditions using imaging tests and machines like X-ray, ultrasound, MRI, ECG, CT scan, etc.

Clinical Laboratory Department

Also known as the pathology department, it provides diagnostic test procedure using blood, urine, stool, specimen samples

Administrative Department

This department deals with recording and maintain all the records/files of inpatients and outpatients.

medical maintenance and engineering

This department makes sure that all electrical facilities are functional, carries out repair and replacement work and generally takes care of the overall maintenance of the hospital

Information technology and Communication

This department is in charge of providing technical support and keep systems updates and provide support when system crash. It also aims to provide effective online services for patients.

Human resources

Its objective is to recruit efficient human resources for the hospital, creates policies and procedures that the staff have to follow in the hospital. It aims in ensuring satisfaction of employees, good working conditions and provision of monetary and non-monetary benefits

Finance

Its task is to make budgets, financial plans for the future and allocate financial resources to the various departments of the hospital. It also oversees purchases of medical supplies in the hospital.

Hospital pharmacists

work in partnership with other healthcare providers as a team for better health outcomes of all patients. The hospital pharmacy ensures that quality pharmaceutical care is provided through application of standards and methods of which the patients are the prime beneficiary.

Section 4, specified the scope of the practice of pharmacy

Prepare, compound or manufacture, preserve, store, distribute, procure, sell, or dispense or both, any pharmaceutical product or raw materials; or • Render services, such as clinical pharmacy services, drug information services, regulatory services, pharmaceutical marketing, medication management, or whenever the expertise or technical knowledge of the pharmacist is required, among others

Dispensing

refers to the sum of processes performed by a pharmacist from reading, validating and interpreting prescriptions; preparing; packaging; labeling; record keeping; dose calculations; and counseling or giving information, in relation to the sale, or transfer of pharmaceutical products, with or without a prescription or medication order.

Clinical pharmacy

refers to any patient care provided by a pharmacist through pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies that promote the appropriate selection and utilization of medication to optimize individual therapeutic outcomes, preventing diseases or achieve wellness

Drug Information Service

refers to any activity in response to a drug information request or query from health professionals, organizations, committees, patients and other individuals with a goal of providing carefully evaluated, evidence-based drug information and recommendation to support medication use practice, enhance quality patient care, improve patient outcomes and ensure prudent use of resources

Compounding

consists of the sum of processes performed by a pharmacist in a drug preparation including the calculations, mixing, assembling, packaging, or labeling of a drug, as a result of the prescription or drug order by a physician, dentist, or veterinarian; or for the purpose of, or in relation to research, teaching, or chemical analysis

Research

comes as part of the scope of the practice of pharmacy – non-exclusive to pharmacists, [2] pharmacists may conduct or undertake scientific research in all aspects, involving pharmaceutical products and healthcare

Administrative

focuses on the regulatory and other requirements of the pharmacy. It includes pharmaceutical cost planning, budgeting, inventory management, preparation and submission of reports, and maintenance of records

Chief Medical Professional Staff (CMPS) or Chief of Clinics (COC).

A licensed pharmacist appropriately qualified by experience, education, and training shall effectively head and manage the hospital pharmacy, under the general supervision of the_________ or __________

Pharmacy Aide

-a person who assists the pharmacist in the different aspects of pharmacy operation based on established standard operating procedures and processes, with very minimal degree of independence or decision-making and without direct interaction with patients;

. MANAGEMENT • Chief Pharmacist • Supervising Pharmacist/s

They are responsible for a) procurement, distribution, and control of all drug products used within the hospital; b) management of pharmacy personnel; and c) maintenance and proper implementation of established standards in the operations of the hospital pharmacy division

II. PROFESSIONAL/TECHNICAL STAFF • Senior pharmacists • Staff pharmacists

They are qualified pharmacists who a) undertake procurement distribution and control drug products used within the hospital; b) provide clinical pharmacy service; and c) supervise support staff while assisting in the pharmacy operations

CHIEF PHARMACIST

• Duly licensed by law to practice pharmacy • MS in Pharmacy or its equivalent • With a minimum experience of six (6) years; four (4) years supervisory work and two (2) years as dispensing/clinical pharmacist • Attended 40 hours of relevant training (CSC MC No. 5 s. 2016) • With good verbal and written communication skills • Computer proficient • With strong problem solving skills • Physically, mentally, and morally fit to work