Module 4 PowerPoints

human papilloma virus (HPV)

>99% of cervical cancer worldwide is caused by _______________

transformation zone

• area where glandular cells of endocervix and squamous cells of exocervix meet

• aka squamocolumnar junction

transformation zone

the _______________ is also known as the squamocolumnar junction

transformation zone

the region where most cancers occur

squamous cell

• most common cervical cancer

• arises from the exocervix

post-coital bleeding

one symptom of cervical cancer is:

adenosarcoma

____________ has a composition similar to phyllodes tumor of the breast

uterine adenosarcoma

• can occur outside uterus

• related to endometriosis

endometrial carcinoma

most common gynecologic cancer in USA

50-65

the typical age endometrial carcinoma is diagnosed is:

estrogen

endometrial sarcoma is linked to:

Lynch syndrome

women with ____________ have a 70% chance of developing endometrial cancer as well as an increased risk of colon and ovarian cancer

endometrioid

most common endometrial cancer

3

grade _______ endometrial cancer has <50% glandular tissue present

1

type ____________ endometrial carcinoma is associated with unopposed estrogen

2

type ___________ endometrial carcinoma is not associated with unopposed estrogen

ovarian cancer

leading cause of death from cancer of the reproductive system

epithelial

more than 90% of primary ovarian malignancies are _______________ in origin

germ cell tumors

least common ovarian primary malignancies are ______________

serous cystadenocarcinoma

most common ovarian malignancy

CA-125

___________ is elevated in more than 90% of cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma

serous cystadenocarcinoma

this image is demonstrates:

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

a _________________ is more likely to rupture than mucinous cystadenoma

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

______________ is much less common than serous cystadenocarinomas

pseudomyxoma peritoneum

ascites that is thick and loculated (compartmentalized by septations) and has mass effect (causes enlargement of the abdomen and compresses abdominal structures)

better prognosis

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma has a ________________ than serous cystadenocarcinoma because it is more often diagnosed in stage 1

endometrioid tumor

second most common epithelial ovarian cancer

malignant

endometroid tumor is almost always _____________

endometriosis

endometrioid tumors are associated with ______________

clear cell tumor

• always high grade carcinoma

• poor prognosis

• does not respond well to chemotherapy

granulosa cell tumor

most common malignant stromal tumor

estrogen

granulosa cell tumors produce _____________

benign

granulosa cell tumors start out ________________ but occasionally become malignant

Meig Syndrome

granulosa cell tumors are associated with _____________

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

an androblastoma/arrhenoblastoma is also known as a ________________

dysgerminoma

most common malignant germ cell tumor

30

dysgerminoma is seen in women under _______________ years old

gonadoblastoma

dysgerminoma may develop from a ________________

solid and hypervascular

sonographic appearance of dysgerminoma

stage I ovarian cancer

limited to the ovaries

stage II ovarian cancer

beyond ovaries but limited to pelvis

stage III ovarian cancer

extends beyond pelvis into retroperitoneal or inguinal lymph nodes, and/or intraperitoneal implants into the omentum, and/or superficial liver metasteses

stage IV ovarian cancer

distant metastases to bone, lungs, brain, or liver parenchyma

tamoxifen

____________ is a risk factor for uterine adenosarcoma, endometrial carcinoma, and carcinosarcoma

malignant

a simple ovarian cyst less than 5 cm in a postmenopausal woman is unlikely to be _______________

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

this image is of a: